Making your JavaScript Pure
Once your website or application goes past a small number of lines, it will inevitably contain bugs of some sort. This isn’t specific to JavaScript but is shared by nearly all languages—it’s very tricky, if not impossible, to thoroughly rule out the chance of any bugs in your application. However, that doesn’t mean we can’t take precautions by coding in a way that lessens our vulnerability to bugs
Axiomatic CSS and Lobotomized Owls
At CSS Day last June I introduced, with some trepidation, a peculiar three-character CSS selector. Called the “lobotomized owl selector” for its resemblance to an owl’s vacant stare, it proved to be the most popular section of my talk. I couldn’t tell you whether the attendees were applauding the thinking behind the invention or were, instead, nervously laughing at my audacity for including such a
Git: The Safety Net for Your Projects
I remember January 10, 2010, rather well: it was the day we lost a project’s complete history. We were using Subversion as our version control system, which kept the project’s history in a central repository on a server. And we were backing up this server on a regular basis—at least, we thought we were. The server broke down, and then the backup failed. Our project wasn’t completely lost, but all
More Meaningful Typography
This and other meaningful ratios rooted in geometry, music, nature, and history can be expressed as modular scales and put to work on the web. A modular scale is a sequence of numbers that relate to one another in a meaningful way. Using the golden ratio, for example, we can produce values for a modular scale by multiplying by 1.618 to arrive at the next highest number, or dividing by 1.618 to arr
One Step Ahead: Improving Performance with Prebrowsing
We all want our websites to be fast. We optimize images, create CSS sprites, use CDNs, cache aggressively, and gzip and minimize static content. We use every trick in the book. But we can still do more. If we want faster outcomes, we have to think differently. What if, instead of leaving our users to stare at a spinning wheel, waiting for content to be delivered, we could predict where they wanted
Future-Ready Content
The future is flexible, and we’re bending with it. From responsive web design to futurefriend.ly thinking, we’re moving quickly toward a web that’s more fluid, less fixed, and more easily accessed on a multitude of devices. As we embrace this shift, we need to relinquish control of our content as well, setting it free from the boundaries of a traditional webpage to flow as needed through varied di
Writing Testable JavaScript
We’ve all been there: that bit of JavaScript functionality that started out as just a handful of lines grows to a dozen, then two dozen, then more. Along the way, a function picks up a few more arguments; a conditional picks up a few more conditions. And then one day, the bug report comes in: something’s broken, and it’s up to us to untangle the mess. As we ask our client-side code to take on more
Responsive Web Design
The control which designers know in the print medium, and often desire in the web medium, is simply a function of the limitation of the printed page. We should embrace the fact that the web doesn’t have the same constraints, and design for this flexibility. But first, we must 'accept the ebb and flow of things.' John Allsopp, “A Dao of Web Design” The English architect Christopher Wren once quippe
Accessibility: The Missing Ingredient
Once upon a time, I treated web accessibility as something of an extra. Sure, my images had alt attributes. Yes, my anchors contained titles. I honored 508 compliance, too, but it was usually the last thing I did. The way I saw it, the cake was ready to eat; accessibility was the decorative icing to slather on at the end. Sadly, I wasn’t alone. Many developers I’ve recently spoken with seem to pla
CSS Shapes 101
Rectangles inside other rectangles: this is what our webpages have always been made of. We’ve long tried to break free from their restrictions by using CSS to create geometric shapes, but those shapes have never affected the content inside the shaped element, or how the element is seen by other elements on the page. The new CSS Shapes specification is changing that. Introduced by Adobe in mid-2012
DRY-ing Out Your Sass Mixins
One of the most powerful features of the CSS preprocessor Sass is the mixin, an abstraction of a common pattern into a semantic and reusable chunk. Think of taking the styles for a button and, instead of needing to remember what all of the properties are, having a selector include the styles for the button instead. The button styles are maintained in a single place, making them easy to update and
Creating Style Guides
Several years ago, I was working on a large, complex application. It was a bit of a legacy project: many different designers and front-end developers had come and gone, each appending a new portion to the sprawling application. By the time I arrived, the CSS was huge, the styles were varied, and it took a lot of effort to find out if anything was reusable. During all this, I discovered style guide
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