// Good: choose between two options as appropriate (see below). import * as ng from '@angular/core'; import {Foo} from './foo'; // Only when needed: default imports. import Button from 'Button'; // Sometimes needed to import libraries for their side effects: import 'jasmine'; import '@polymer/paper-button'; Import paths TypeScript code must use paths to import other TypeScript code. Paths may be r
Developers are increasingly relying on AI coding assistants to accelerate our daily workflows. These tools can autocomplete functions, suggest bug fixes, and even generate entire modules or MVPs. Yet, as many of us have learned, the quality of the AI’s output depends largely on the quality of the prompt you provide. In other words, prompt engineering has become an essential skill. A poorly phrased
How modern browsers work
Note: For those eager to dive deep into how browsers work, an excellent resource is Browser Engineering by Pavel Panchekha and Chris Harrelson (available at browser.engineering). Please do check it out. This article is an overview of how browsers work. Web developers often treat the browser as a black box that magically transforms HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into interactive web applications. In tru
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
Preliminaries What Is xargs? It's an adapter between text streams and argv arrays, two essential concepts in shell. You pass it flags that specify how to split stdin. Then it generates arguments and invokes processes. Example: $ echo 'alice bob' | xargs -n 1 -- echo hi hi alice hi bob What's happening here? xargs splits the input stream on whitespace, producing 2 arguments, alice and bob. We passe
Turing Machines
ALAN M. TURING 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954 F | | P(T) R P(u) R P(r) R P(i) R P(n) R P(g) R P( ) R P(M) R P(a) R P(c) R P(h) R P(i) R P(n) R P(e) R P(s) R -> B B | | L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) -> F 2024-12-20 Translations: English, Spanish In 1928, David Hilbert, one of the most influential mathematicians of his time, aske
I am a huge fan of Richard Feyman’s famous quote: “What I cannot create, I do not understand” I think it’s brilliant, and it remains true across many fields (if you’re willing to be a little creative with the definition of ‘create’). It is to this principle that I believe I owe everything I’m truly good at. Some will tell you to avoid reinventing the wheel, but they’re wrong: you should build your
The FullScreenMario project burned brightly for a few short weeks in October 2013 after Boing Boing lauded it as “a pretty impressive example of what HTML5, in-browser functionality can do.” A few days later, it went viral on Reddit and by November, attention turned to scrutiny, and Nintendo took the project down with a DMCA request. Josh Goldberg speaks of his former project with a bit of pride—i
All JavaScript and TypeScript Features of the last 3 years
TypeScript as envisioned by Stable DiffusionThis article goes through almost all of the changes of the last 3 years (and some from earlier) in JavaScript / ECMAScript and TypeScript . Not all of the following features will be relevant to you or even practical, but they should instead serve to show what’s possible and to deepen your understanding of these languages. There are a lot of TypeScript fe
Today we’re excited to announce the release of TypeScript 5.6! If you’re not familiar with TypeScript, it’s a language that builds on top of JavaScript by adding syntax for types. Types describe the shapes we expect of our variables, parameters, and functions, and the TypeScript type-checker can help catch issues like typos, missing properties, and bad function calls before we even run our code. T
We’re excited to announce the release of Biome 2.3, bringing several features that have been highly requested by the community. This release marks a significant milestone in our journey to support the broader web ecosystem. Once you have upgraded to Biome v2.3.0, migrate your Biome configuration to the new version by running the migrate command: 1biome migrate --write Full support for Vue, Svelte,
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
Update 1.80.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.80.2: The update addresses this security issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Accessibility improvements - Accessible V
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.54.1: The update addresses an issue with an extension dependency. Update 1.54.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.54.3: The update addresses this issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2021 release of Vi
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.70.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.70.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.70.3: This update is only available for Windows 7 users and is the last release supporting Windows 7. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welc
Introduction HTML, the programming language, is a practical, turing-complete[1], stack-based programming language based on HTML, the markup language. It uses elements defined in HTML, the markup language, in order to do computations. To give you a sense of what HTML, the programming langauge, looks like, below is a sample program that prints the values from 1 to 10 to standard out (console.log) A
The string is arguably the most essential data type in programming — every programming language and software in the world uses strings in one way or another. It enables humans to easily communicate with sophisticated programs and machines. One thing that would help you a lot as a programmer is understanding how to use and manipulate strings so that you can build programs users love. Regular expres
Welcome to WWDC25! We’ve got lots of exciting announcements about web technology to share with you this week. Don’t miss our seven sessions, including What’s new in Safari and WebKit. Today brings the beta of Safari 26, with 67 new features and 107 improvements. We’ll take a tour of them all in this article. But first — Safari 26? Where is Safari 19? You might have seen today during the WWDC25 Key
How to turn Claude Code into a domain specific coding agent
Authored by: Aliyan Ishfaq Coding agents are great at writing code that uses popular libraries on which LLMs have been heavily trained on. But point them to a custom library, a new version of a library, an internal API, or a niche framework – and they’re not so great. That’s a problem for teams working with domain specific libraries or enterprise code. As developers of libraries (LangGraph, LangCh
Websockets are powerful tools that have become a fan-favorite for building realtime applications, but you might be using them for all the wrong reasons. Let's explore the pitfalls of websockets and how we can use plain old HTTP to get the same job done. What’s a WebSocket? If you’re new to web development or you haven’t heard of a WebSocket before, they’re a way to open a two-way communication cha
Introduction to Go 1.19 The latest Go release, version 1.19, arrives five months after Go 1.18. Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before. Changes to the language There is only one small change to the language, a
Why async Rust?
Async/await syntax in Rust was initially released to much fanfare and excitement. To quote Hacker News at the time: This is going to open the flood gates. I am sure lot of people were just waiting for this moment for Rust adoption. I for one was definitely in this boat. Also, this has all the goodness: open-source, high quality engineering, design in open, large contributors to a complex piece of
Against SQL
TLDR The relational model is great: A shared universal data model allows cooperation between programs written in many different languages, running on different machines and with different lifespans. Normalization allows updating data without worrying about forgetting to update derived data. Physical data independence allows changing data-structures and query plans without having to change all of y
Hey! We're getting really close to releasing React + Vue support for Tailwind UI, so I thought it would be interesting to share some of the behind-the-scenes efforts that have gone into even making it possible. Grab some popcorn... The backstory From the day we started working on Tailwind UI somewhere in mid-2019 I knew that ultimately it would be 10x more valuable to people if they could grab ful
Understanding TypeScript's PopularityTypeScript is an overwhelmingly popular extension to the JavaScript programming language, which focuses on adding a type layer on top of existing JavaScript syntax which can be erased without runtime changes to the original JavaScript. People think of TypeScript as "just the compiler", but it's a better mental model to think of TypeScript as two separate entiti
GitHub - endojs/Jessie: Tiny subset of JavaScript for ocap-safe universal mobile code
This document is an early draft. Comments appreciated! Thanks. Today, JavaScript is the pervasive representation for (somewhat) safe mobile code. For another representation to achieve universality quickly, it must be a subset of JavaScript, and so runs at least everywhere JavaScript runs. Whereas JSON is a simple universal representation for safe mobile data, Jessie is a simple universal represent
Balancing Old Tricks with New Feats: AI-Powered Conversion From Enzyme to React Testing Library at Slack - Engineering at Slack
Update (October 2024): In response to numerous requests from external developers, we have open-sourced a version of our Enzyme to React Testing Library (RTL) conversion tool. You can now find it on npm, along with detailed instructions on how to integrate and use it in your projects. In the world of frontend development, one thing remains certain: change is the only constant. New frameworks emerge
I’m a fairly frequent Hacker News lurker, especially when I have some other important task that I’m avoiding. I normally head to the Active page (lots of comments, good for procrastination) and pick a nice long discussion thread to browse. So over time I’ve ended up with a good sense of what topics come up a lot. “The Bay Area is too expensive.” “There are too many JavaScript frameworks.” “Bootcam
Turbopack Dev is Now Stable
Back to BlogMonday, October 21st 2024 Turbopack Dev is Now StablePosted by It's been a long road, but we are happy to announce that next dev --turbo is now stable and ready to speed up your development experience. We've been using it to iterate on vercel.com, nextjs.org, v0, and all of our other applications with great results. Since its release 8 years ago, Next.js has been used to build everythi
Update 1.75.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the January 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Profiles - Create and share profiles to configure extensions, settings, shortcuts, and more. VS
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.60.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.60.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the August 2021 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you w
2024-08-22, Version 22.7.0 (Current), @RafaelGSS Experimental transform types support With the new flag --experimental-transform-types it is possible to enable the transformation of TypeScript-only syntax into JavaScript code. This feature allows Node.js to support TypeScript syntax such as Enum and namespace. Thanks to Marco Ippolito for making this work on #54283. Module syntax detection is now
Exactly ten years ago today, we published "Why We Created Julia", introducing the Julia project to the world. At this point, we have moved well past the ambitious goals set out in the original blog post. Julia is now used by hundreds of thousands of people. It is taught at hundreds of universities and entire companies are being formed that build their software stacks on Julia. From personalized me
Introduction to Go 1.19 The latest Go release, version 1.19, arrives five months after Go 1.18. Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before. Changes to the language There is only one small change to the language, a
I did this in 2020 and then again in 2021, but I’m in the mood to look around again. Let’s look through Are We GUI Yet? and see what’s up these days. The task today is to have a text label and an input field that can change the text in the label. In React, for example, this is basically free: const Demo = () => { let [state, setState] = useState("Hello, world!"); return ( <div> <p>{state}</p> <inp
Now in Preview – Amazon CodeWhisperer- ML-Powered Coding Companion | Amazon Web Services
AWS News Blog Now in Preview – Amazon CodeWhisperer- ML-Powered Coding Companion As I was getting ready to write this post I spent some time thinking about some of the coding tools that I have used over the course of my career. This includes the line-oriented editor that was an intrinsic part of the BASIC interpreter that I used in junior high school, the IBM keypunch that I used when I started co
Technology Trends for 2024
This has been a strange year. While we like to talk about how fast technology moves, internet time, and all that, in reality the last major new idea in software architecture was microservices, which dates to roughly 2015. Before that, cloud computing itself took off in roughly 2010 (AWS was founded in 2006); and Agile goes back to 2000 (the Agile Manifesto dates back to 2001, Extreme Programming t
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Google TypeScript Style Guide
The Prompt Engineering Playbook for Programmers
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
An Opinionated Guide to xargs
Writing Toy Software Is A Joy
TypeScript and the dawn of gradual types
Announcing TypeScript 5.6 - TypeScript
Biome v2.3—Let's bring the ecosystem closer
June 2023 (version 1.80)
February 2021 (version 1.54)
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
July 2022 (version 1.70)
HTML: The Programming Language
The ultimate JavaScript regex guide
News from WWDC25: WebKit in Safari 26 beta
You might not need Websockets
Go 1.19 Release Notes - The Go Programming Language
Building React + Vue support for Tailwind UI
Understanding TypeScript's Popularity
Hacker News folk wisdom on visual programming
January 2023 (version 1.75)
August 2021 (version 1.60)
Node.js — Node.js v22.7.0 (Current)
Why We Use Julia, 10 Years Later
Go 1.19 Release Notes - The Go Programming Language
A 2025 Survey of Rust GUI Libraries