REST API Design Best Practices Handbook – How to Build a REST API with JavaScript, Node.js, and Express.js
By Jean-Marc Möckel I've created and consumed many API's over the past few years. During that time, I've come across good and bad practices and have experienced nasty situations when consuming and building API's. But there also have been great moments. There are helpful articles online which present many best practices, but many of them lack some practicality in my opinion. Knowing the theory with
Deploy applications on Amazon ECS using Docker Compose | Amazon Web Services
Containers Deploy applications on Amazon ECS using Docker Compose Note: Docker Compose’s integration with Amazon ECS has been deprecated and is retiring in November 2023 There are many reasons why containers have become popular since Docker democratized access to the core Linux primitives that make a “docker run” possible. One reason is that containers are not tied to a specific infrastructure or
Rewriting the Ruby parser
At Shopify, we have spent the last year writing a new Ruby parser, which we’ve called YARP (Yet Another Ruby Parser). As of the date of this post, YARP can parse a semantically equivalent syntax tree to Ruby 3.3 on every Ruby file in Shopify’s main codebase, GitHub’s main codebase, CRuby, and the 100 most popular gems downloaded from rubygems.org. We recently got approval to merge this work into C
Happy New Year everyone! In late December 2023 (Christmas Day to be precise), CPython core developer Brandt Bucher submitted a little pull-request to the Python 3.13 branch adding a JIT compiler. This change, once accepted would be one of the biggest changes to the CPython Interpreter since the Specializing Adaptive Interpreter added in Python 3.11 (which was also from Brandt along with Mark Shann
Incident Metrics in SRE
Štěpán Davidovič Incident Metrics in SRE Critically Evaluating MTTR and Friends Boston Farnham Sebastopol Tokyo Beijing Boston Farnham Sebastopol Tokyo Beijing 978-1-098-10313-2 [LSI] Incident Metrics in SRE by Štěpán Davidovič Copyright © 2021 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebas
Why Rust is the Future of Game Development | thefuntastic
Rust, not related to the video game also called Rust, is a promising systems programming language with novel features ideally suited for game development. Exposure and awareness within the game developer community, however, remains limited. In this post, I provide a gentle introduction to Rust and attempt to justify its place on your radar. A Short History LessonWhat is Rust, and where did it com
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) K. Davis Request for Comments: 9562 Cisco Systems Obsoletes: 4122 B. Peabody Category: Standards Track Uncloud ISSN: 2070-1721 P. Leach University of Washington May 2024 Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs) Abstract This specification defines UUIDs (Universally Unique IDentifiers) -- also known as GUIDs (Globally Unique IDentifiers) -- and a Uniform Resou
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Prompt Engineering
Date: March 15, 2023 | Estimated Reading Time: 21 min | Author: Lilian Weng Prompt Engineering, also known as In-Context Prompting, refers to methods for how to communicate with LLM to steer its behavior for desired outcomes without updating the model weights. It is an empirical science and the effect of prompt engineering methods can vary a lot among models, thus requiring heavy experimentation a
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
syntaxdesign
One of the most recognizable features of a languages is its syntax. What are some of the things about syntax that matter? What questions might you ask if you were creating a syntax for your own language? Motivation A programming language gives us a way structure our thoughts. Each program, has a kind of internal structure, for example: How can we capture this structure? One way is directly, via pi
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
AWS Lambda warms up your functions, such that 50%-85% of Lambda Sandbox initializations don't increase latency for users. In this article we'll define Proactive Initialization, observe its frequency, and help you identify invocations where your cold starts weren't really that cold. July 13, 2023 This post is both longer and more popular than I anticipated, so I’ve decided to add a quick summary: T
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation | Datadog Security Labs
emerging threats and vulnerabilities The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation November 1, 2022 emerging vulnerability On November 1, 2022, the OpenSSL Project released a security advisory detailing a high-severity vulnerability in the OpenSSL library. Deployments of OpenSSL from 3.0.0 to 3.0.6 (included) are vulnerable and are fixed in
Phylum Discovers Dozens More PyPI Packages Attempting to Deliver W4SP Stealer in Ongoing Supply-Chain Attack
Phylum Discovers Dozens More PyPI Packages Attempting to Deliver W4SP Stealer in Ongoing Supply-Chain Attack Last week, our automated risk detection platform alerted us to some suspicious activity in dozens of newly published PyPI packages. It appears that these packages are a more sophisticated attempt to deliver the W4SP Stealer on to Python developer’s machines by hiding a malicious __import__
Here’s a niche terminal problem that has bothered me for years but that I never really understood until a few weeks ago. Let’s say you’re running this command to watch for some specific output in a log file: tail -f /some/log/file | grep thing1 | grep thing2 If log lines are being added to the file relatively slowly, the result I’d see is… nothing! It doesn’t matter if there were matches in the lo
Zig in 30 minutes
test.md A half-hour to learn Zig This is inspired by https://fasterthanli.me/blog/2020/a-half-hour-to-learn-rust/ Basics the command zig run my_code.zig will compile and immediately run your Zig program. Each of these cells contains a zig program that you can try to run (some of them contain compile-time errors that you can comment out to play with) You'll want to declare a main() function to get
Lean for JavaScript DevelopersSeptember 2, 2025 This is my opinionated syntax primer for the Lean programming language. It is far from complete and may contain inaccuracies (I’m still learning Lean myself) but this is how I wish I was introduced to it, and what I wish was clarified. Why Lean? This post assumes you’re already eager to learn a bit of Lean. For motivation, I humbly submit to you two
Spring Boot and Cloud Native Buildpacks Hands-on Lab
以下のソフトウェアをインストールしてください。 Java 11 docker pack curl jq この資料は次のバージョンで動作確認しています。 $ java -version openjdk version "11.0.10" 2021-01-19 LTS OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.10+9-LTS) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.10+9-LTS, mixed mode) $ docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Cloud integration: 1.0.9 Version: 20.10.5 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.13.15 Git commit: 55c4c88 Built
Random musings on React, Redux, and more, by Redux maintainer Mark "acemarke" Erikson Detailed thoughts on how React has been developed over time, and explanations for common community confusion and concerns Introduction 🔗︎ Today, the state of React and its ecosystem is complicated and fractured, with a mixture of successes, skepticism, and contention. On the positive side: React is the most wide
The Andrej Karpathy episode. Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why model collapse prevents LLMs from learning the way humans do, why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify
This article was discussed on Hacker News. This is a continuation of my last post on how to write a tree-sitter grammar in an afternoon. Building on the grammar we wrote, now we’re going to write a linter for Imp, and it’s even easier! The final result clocks in less than 60 SLOC and can be found here. Recall that tree-sitter is an incremental parser generator. That is, you give it a description o
TL;DR: The hard part of building reliable agentic systems is making sure the LLM has the appropriate context at each step. This includes both controlling the exact content that goes into the LLM, as well as running the appropriate steps to generate relevant content.Agentic systems consist of both workflows and agents (and everything in between).Most agentic frameworks are neither declarative or im
In 2006 Microsoft conducted a customer survey to find what new features users want in new versions of Microsoft Office. To their surprise, more than 90% of what users asked for already existed, they just didn't know about it. To address the "discoverability" issue, they came up with the "Ribbon UI" that we know from Microsoft Office products today. Office is not unique in this sense. Most of us ar
こんにちは、R&Dチームの齋藤（@aznhe21）です。 今日はオプティムの創立記念パーティーがオンラインで行われます。 オプティムは2000/6/8に設立され、去年は20周年の節目であったにも関わらず生憎の時制で大きく祝えませんでしたが、 今年は準備も万全、盛大にお祝いしたいと思います。 さて、本日、日本時間6/18(金)、Rust 1.53がリリースされました。 この記事ではRust 1.53での変更点を詳しく紹介します。 6/18は京大の前身・京都帝国大学創立の日 ピックアップ 識別子にASCII以外の文字も使えるようになった ORパターンが使えるようになった 配列にIntoIteratorが実装された 安定化されたAPIのドキュメント AtomicBool::fetch_update サンプル AtomicPtr::fetch_update サンプル BTreeMap::retai
We now live in a world where ML workflows (pre-training, post training, etc) are heterogeneous, must contend with hardware failures, are increasingly asynchronous and highly dynamic. Traditionally, PyTorch has relied on an HPC-style multi-controller model, where multiple copies of the same script are launched across different machines, each running its own instance of the application (often refer
prompts.chat
Welcome to the “Awesome ChatGPT Prompts” repository! While this collection was originally created for ChatGPT, these prompts work great with other AI models like Claude, Gemini, Hugging Face Chat, Llama, Mistral, and more. ChatGPT is a web interface created by OpenAI that provides access to their GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models. The underlying models, like GPT-4o and GPT-o
Introduction Some part of me has always been fascinated with coercing code to run in weird places. I scratch this itch a lot with my security research projects. These often lead me to writing shellcode to run in kernels or embedded hardware, sometimes with the only way being through an existing bug. For those not familiar, shellcode is honestly hard to describe. I don’t know if there’s a very form
Tech Solvency: The Story So Far: CVE-2021-44228 (Log4Shell log4j vulnerability).
Log4Shell log4j vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228 / CVE-2021-45046) - cheat-sheet reference guide Last updated: $Date: 2022/02/08 23:26:16 $ UTC - best effort, validate all for your environment/model before use, unofficial sources may be wrong by @TychoTithonus (Royce Williams), standing on the shoulders of many giants Send updates or suggestions (please include category / context / public (or support
This past May, I started a new job working in Rust. I was somewhat skeptical of Rust for a while, but it turns out, it really is all it’s cracked up to be. As a long-time C++ programmer, and C++ instructor, I am convinced that Rust is better than C++ in all of C++’s application space, that for any new programming project where C++ would make sense as the programming language, Rust would make more
When you work on your computer, there are so many things you take for granted: operating systems, programming languages, they all have to come from somewhere. In the late 1960s and 1970s, that somewhere was Bell Labs, and the operating system they were building was UNIX. They were building more than just an operating system though. They were building a way to work with computers that had never exi
When I see the landscape of native GUI in 2022, I feel like something is missing. I don’t just mean Rust UI. My frustrations with UI frameworks started long before I’d even heard of Rust. The origin story: Qt and fear The Qt framework is a C++ toolkit for writing GUI apps. In 2019, I spent a year working on a Qt project for an energy company, a diagram editor meant to be used by electrical enginee
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
Foldable Words | bit-player
Packing up the household for a recent move, I was delving into shoeboxes, photo albums, and file folders that had not been opened in decades. One of my discoveries, found in an envelope at the back of a file drawer, was the paper sleeve from a drinking straw, imprinted with a saccharine message: This flimsy slip of paper seems like an odd scrap to preserve for the ages, but when I pulled it out of
A professional programmer delivers value through the authoring and maintaining of software that solves problems. (There are other important ways for professional programmers to deliver value but this post is about programming.) Programmers rely on various tools to author software. Arguably the most important and consequential choice of tool is the programming language. In this post, I will articul
Python behind the scenes #11: how the Python import system works
If you ask me to name the most misunderstood aspect of Python, I will answer without a second thought: the Python import system. Just remember how many times you used relative imports and got something like ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package; or tried to figure out how to structure a project so that all the imports work correctly; or hacked sys.path when you couldn
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.73.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the October 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Searc
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Python 3.13 gets a JIT
RFC 9562: Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs)
Implementing Logic Programming
Understanding AWS Lambda Proactive Initialization
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
Why pipes sometimes get "stuck": buffering
Lean for JavaScript Developers — overreacted
The State of React and the Community in 2025
Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away
How to write a linter using tree-sitter in an hour
How to think about agent frameworks
Lesser Known PostgreSQL Features
Rust 1.53を早めに深掘り - OPTiM TECH BLOG
Introducing PyTorch Monarch – PyTorch
Rust on MIPS64 Windows NT 4.0
Sayonara, C++, and hello to Rust!
The Birth of UNIX - CoRecursive Podcast
Announcing Masonry 0.1, and my vision for Rust UI
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
Gregory Szorc's Digital Home | Rust is for Professionals
October 2022 (version 1.73)