大実験！ChatGPTは競プロの問題を解けるのか (2024年5月版) - E869120's Blog
1. はじめに 2024 年 5 月 14 日、OpenAI 社から新たな生成 AI「GPT-4o」が発表され、世界に大きな衝撃を与えました。これまでの GPT-4 よりも性能を向上させただけでなく1、音声や画像のリアルタイム処理も実現し、さらに応答速度が大幅に速くなりました。「ついにシンギュラリティが来てしまったか」「まるで SF の世界を生きているような感覚だ」という感想も見受けられました。 しかし、いくら生成 AI とはいえ、競技プログラミングの問題を解くのは非常に難しいです。なぜなら競技プログラミングでは、問題文を理解する能力、プログラムを実装する能力だけでなく、より速く答えを求められる解法 (アルゴリズム) を考える能力も要求されるからです。もし ChatGPT が競技プログラミングを出来るようになれば他のあらゆるタスクをこなせるだろう、と考える人もいます。 それでは、現代最強の
This post is part of a collection on UUIDs. What is IDOR? Indirect Object Reference (IDOR) occurs when a resource can be accessed directly by its ID even when the user does not have proper authorization to access it. IDOR is a common mistake when using a separate service for storing files, such as a publicly readable Amazon S3 bucket. The web application may perform access control checks correctly
REST API Design Best Practices Handbook – How to Build a REST API with JavaScript, Node.js, and Express.js
By Jean-Marc Möckel I've created and consumed many API's over the past few years. During that time, I've come across good and bad practices and have experienced nasty situations when consuming and building API's. But there also have been great moments. There are helpful articles online which present many best practices, but many of them lack some practicality in my opinion. Knowing the theory with
Deploy applications on Amazon ECS using Docker Compose | Amazon Web Services
Containers Deploy applications on Amazon ECS using Docker Compose Note: Docker Compose’s integration with Amazon ECS has been deprecated and is retiring in November 2023 There are many reasons why containers have become popular since Docker democratized access to the core Linux primitives that make a “docker run” possible. One reason is that containers are not tied to a specific infrastructure or
[Hacker News discussion, LinkedIn discussion, Twitter thread] Update: My upcoming book, AI Engineering (late 2024/early 2025) will cover building aplications with foundation models in depth. A question that I’ve been asked a lot recently is how large language models (LLMs) will change machine learning workflows. After working with several companies who are working with LLM applications and persona
This post is about why we need a coroutine package for Go, and what it would look like. But first, what are coroutines? Every programmer today is familiar with function calls (subroutines): F calls G, which stops F and runs G. G does its work, potentially calling and waiting for other functions, and eventually returns. When G returns, G is gone and F continues running. In this pattern, only one fu
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
Rewriting the Ruby parser
At Shopify, we have spent the last year writing a new Ruby parser, which we’ve called YARP (Yet Another Ruby Parser). As of the date of this post, YARP can parse a semantically equivalent syntax tree to Ruby 3.3 on every Ruby file in Shopify’s main codebase, GitHub’s main codebase, CRuby, and the 100 most popular gems downloaded from rubygems.org. We recently got approval to merge this work into C
Introduction⌗ Postgres queue tech is a thing of beauty, but far from mainstream. Its relative obscurity is partially attributable to the cargo cult of “scale”. The scalability cult has decreed that there are several queue technologies with greater “scalability” than Postgres, and for that reason alone, Postgres isn’t suitably scalable for anyone’s queuing needs. The cult of scalability would rathe
Introduction Data preprocessing is a necessary step in any machine learning workflow, affecting both the model’s effectiveness and the ease of maintenance. While scikit-learn is commonly used for preprocessing due to its integration with the broader Python ecosystem, DuckDB offers a practical alternative by enabling SQL-based data transformations within Python. Its declarative syntax supports modu
4 Pandas Anti-Patterns to Avoid and How to Fix Them
pandas is a powerful data analysis library with a rich API that offers multiple ways to perform any given data manipulation task. Some of these approaches are better than others, and pandas users often learn suboptimal coding practices that become their default workflows. This post highlights four common pandas anti-patterns and outlines a complementary set of techniques that you should use instea
Photo by Claudio Schwarz on Unsplash. How to create a Python package? In order to create a Python package, you need to write the code that implements the functionality you want to put in your package, and then you need to publish it to PyPI. That is the bare minimum. Nowadays, you can also set up a variety of other things to make your life easier down the road: continuous testing of your package;
Ruby is an interpreted, open-source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. Ruby is already 30 years old, and it has become one of the most used programming languages. Some claim Ruby is dead; others use it widely in their companies. Join me in this blog post as we learn about Ruby's history and where it stands today. How It StartedRuby was born on Feb. 24th, 1993. This w
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) K. Davis Request for Comments: 9562 Cisco Systems Obsoletes: 4122 B. Peabody Category: Standards Track Uncloud ISSN: 2070-1721 P. Leach University of Washington May 2024 Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs) Abstract This specification defines UUIDs (Universally Unique IDentifiers) -- also known as GUIDs (Globally Unique IDentifiers) -- and a Uniform Resou
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Prompt Engineering
Date: March 15, 2023 | Estimated Reading Time: 21 min | Author: Lilian Weng Prompt Engineering, also known as In-Context Prompting, refers to methods for how to communicate with LLM to steer its behavior for desired outcomes without updating the model weights. It is an empirical science and the effect of prompt engineering methods can vary a lot among models, thus requiring heavy experimentation a
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
GitHub - cozodb/cozo: A transactional, relational-graph-vector database that uses Datalog for query. The hippocampus for AI!
Version v0.7: after HNSW vector search from 0.6, in 0.7 we bring to you MinHash-LSH for near-duplicate search, full-text search, Json value support and more! See here for more details. Version v0.6 released! This version brings vector search with HNSW indices inside Datalog, which can be integrated seamlessly with powerful features like ad-hoc joins, recursive Datalog and classical whole-graph alg
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.67.1: The update addresses this security issue. Update 1.67.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the April 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
How I developed a faster Ruby interpreter | Red Hat Developer
In this article, I will describe my efforts to implement a faster interpreter for CRuby, the Ruby language interpreter, using a dynamically specialized internal representation (IR). I believe this article will interest developers trying to improve the interpreter performance of dynamic programming languages (e.g., CPython developers). I will cover the following topics: Existing CRuby interpreter a
AWS Lambda warms up your functions, such that 50%-85% of Lambda Sandbox initializations don't increase latency for users. In this article we'll define Proactive Initialization, observe its frequency, and help you identify invocations where your cold starts weren't really that cold. July 13, 2023 This post is both longer and more popular than I anticipated, so I’ve decided to add a quick summary: T
About Virus WarningThe Bitdefender Enterprise Support Team has verified that it is a false positive, here is the reply: Hello, Thank you for contacting the Bitdefender Enterprise Support Team. We have received an update from our laboratories. The files are clean and detection should be removed in the next couple of updates. Please let us know if there is anything else we can assist you with or if
Agentic GraphRAG for Commercial Contracts | Towards Data Science
In every business, legal contracts are foundational documents that define the relationships, obligations, and responsibilities between parties. Whether it’s a partnership agreement, an NDA, or a supplier contract, these documents often contain critical information that drives decision-making, risk management, and compliance. However, navigating and extracting insights from these contracts can be a
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.54.1: The update addresses an issue with an extension dependency. Update 1.54.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.54.3: The update addresses this issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2021 release of Vi
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Proactively keep resources secure and compliant with AWS CloudFormation Hooks | Amazon Web Services
AWS Cloud Operations Blog Proactively keep resources secure and compliant with AWS CloudFormation Hooks Organizations want their developers to provision resources that they need to build applications while maintaining compliance with security, operational, and cost optimization best practices. Most solutions today inform customers about noncompliant resources only after those resources have been p
2025-05-06, Version 24.0.0 (Current), @RafaelGSS and @juanarbol We’re excited to announce the release of Node.js 24! This release brings several significant updates, including the upgrade of the V8 JavaScript engine to version 13.6 and npm to version 11. Starting with Node.js 24, support for MSVC has been removed, and ClangCL is now required to compile Node.js on Windows. The AsyncLocalStorage API
Parsing Protobuf at 2+GB/s: How I Learned To Love Tail Calls in C
[Note: there have been several developments in this space since this article was published. See A Tail Calling Interpreter For Python (And Other Updates) for the latest information about this technique.] I just landed an exciting feature in the main branch of the Clang compiler. Using the [[clang::musttail]] or __attribute__((musttail)) statement attributes, you can now get guaranteed tail calls i
Write queries with Gemini assistance | BigQuery | Google Cloud
Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. Write queries with Gemini assistance This document describes how to use AI-powered assistance in Gemini in BigQuery to help you query your data with SQL queries and Python code. Gemini in BigQuery can generate and explain queries and code, complete queries and code while you type, and fix code errors. To follow
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Update 1.97.1: The update addresses these security issues. Update 1.97.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the January 2025 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Next Edit Suggestions (preview) - Co
Here’s a niche terminal problem that has bothered me for years but that I never really understood until a few weeks ago. Let’s say you’re running this command to watch for some specific output in a log file: tail -f /some/log/file | grep thing1 | grep thing2 If log lines are being added to the file relatively slowly, the result I’d see is… nothing! It doesn’t matter if there were matches in the lo
Accelerating Generative AI with PyTorch II: GPT, Fast – PyTorch
Blog Accelerating Generative AI with PyTorch II: GPT, Fast This post is the second part of a multi-series blog focused on how to accelerate generative AI models with pure, native PyTorch. We are excited to share a breadth of newly released PyTorch performance features alongside practical examples to see how far we can push PyTorch native performance. In part one, we showed how to accelerate Segmen
Zig in 30 minutes
test.md A half-hour to learn Zig This is inspired by https://fasterthanli.me/blog/2020/a-half-hour-to-learn-rust/ Basics the command zig run my_code.zig will compile and immediately run your Zig program. Each of these cells contains a zig program that you can try to run (some of them contain compile-time errors that you can comment out to play with) You'll want to declare a main() function to get
Why People are Angry over Go 1.23 Iterators - gingerBill
NOTE: This is based on, but completely rewritten, from a Twitter post: https://x.com/TheGingerBill/status/1802645945642799423 TL;DR It makes Go feel too “functional” rather than being an unabashed imperative language. I recently saw a post on Twitter showing the upcoming Go iterator design for Go 1.23 (August 2024). From what I can gather, many people seem to dislike the design. I wanted to give m
Lean for JavaScript DevelopersSeptember 2, 2025 This is my opinionated syntax primer for the Lean programming language. It is far from complete and may contain inaccuracies (I’m still learning Lean myself) but this is how I wish I was introduced to it, and what I wish was clarified. Why Lean? This post assumes you’re already eager to learn a bit of Lean. For motivation, I humbly submit to you two
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Why UUIDs won't protect your secrets
Building LLM applications for production
research!rsc: Coroutines for Go
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Choose Postgres queue technology
Basic Feature Engineering with DuckDB
How to create a Python package in 2022
A Brief History of Ruby
RFC 9562: Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs)
April 2022 (version 1.67)
Understanding AWS Lambda Proactive Initialization
Better Fbx Importer & Exporter
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
February 2021 (version 1.54)
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
Node.js — Node.js v24.0.0 (Current)
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
January 2025 (version 1.97)
Why pipes sometimes get "stuck": buffering
Lean for JavaScript Developers — overreacted