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  • Building a highly-available web service without a database

    If you’ve ever built a web service or a web app, you know the drill: pick a database, pick a web service framework (and in today’s day and age, pick a front-end framework, but let’s not get into that). This has been the case for several decades now, and people don’t stop to question if this is still the best way to build a web app. Many things have changed in the last decade: Disk is a lot faster

      Building a highly-available web service without a database
    • The Prompt Engineering Playbook for Programmers

      Developers are increasingly relying on AI coding assistants to accelerate our daily workflows. These tools can autocomplete functions, suggest bug fixes, and even generate entire modules or MVPs. Yet, as many of us have learned, the quality of the AI’s output depends largely on the quality of the prompt you provide. In other words, prompt engineering has become an essential skill. A poorly phrased

        The Prompt Engineering Playbook for Programmers
      • OOP: the worst thing that happened to programming

        > BTC: bc1qs0sq7agz5j30qnqz9m60xj4tt8th6aazgw7kxr ETH: 0x1D834755b5e889703930AC9b784CB625B3cd833E USDT(Tron): TPrCq8LxGykQ4as3o1oB8V7x1w2YPU2o5n Ton: UQAtBuFWI3H_LpHfEToil4iYemtfmyzlaJpahM3tFSoxomYQ Doge: D7GMQdKhKC9ymbT9PtcetSFTQjyPRRfkwTdismiss OOP: the worst thing that happened to programming [2/24/2025] In this article, we will try to understand why OOP is the worst thing that happened to prog

          OOP: the worst thing that happened to programming
        • PyTorch vs TensorFlow in 2023

          PyTorch and TensorFlow are far and away the two most popular Deep Learning frameworks today. The debate over which framework is superior is a longstanding point of contentious debate, with each camp having its share of fervent supporters. Both PyTorch and TensorFlow have developed so quickly over their relatively short lifetimes that the debate landscape is ever-evolving. Outdated or incomplete in

          • Rewriting the Ruby parser

            At Shopify, we have spent the last year writing a new Ruby parser, which we’ve called YARP (Yet Another Ruby Parser). As of the date of this post, YARP can parse a semantically equivalent syntax tree to Ruby 3.3 on every Ruby file in Shopify’s main codebase, GitHub’s main codebase, CRuby, and the 100 most popular gems downloaded from rubygems.org. We recently got approval to merge this work into C

              Rewriting the Ruby parser
            • 缶つぶし機とソフトウェア移行技術 - Refactoring to Rust の読書感想文 - じゃあ、おうちで学べる

              はじめに ——あるいは、「知っている」と「理解している」の間 Rustのことは、知っていた。学習もしていた。実務でも使っていた。 でも、それは知っているつもりだった。 知ってるつもり 無知の科学 (ハヤカワ文庫NF) 作者:スティーブン スローマン,フィリップ ファーンバック早川書房Amazon 日々Rustで開発し、BoxとRcとArcを使い分け、tokio::spawnでタスクを生成し、?演算子を当たり前のように書いている。FFI?PyO3使えばいいでしょ。WebAssembly?wasm-bindgenがあるじゃない。技術的には、確かに「使える」レベルにはあった。 でも、心のどこかで感じていた違和感があった。 オートバイのエンジンを分解できる人と、エンジンが動く原理を理解している人は違う。コードが動くことと、なぜそう書くべきかを理解することも違う。私は前者だった。メカニックではあった

                缶つぶし機とソフトウェア移行技術 - Refactoring to Rust の読書感想文 - じゃあ、おうちで学べる
              • Changing std::sort at Google’s Scale and Beyond

                TL;DR; We are changing std::sort in LLVM’s libcxx. That’s a long story of what it took us to get there and all possible consequences, bugs you might encounter with examples from open source. We provide some benchmarks, perspective, why we did this in the first place and what it cost us with exciting ideas from Hyrum’s Law to reinforcement learning. All changes went into open source and thus I can

                  Changing std::sort at Google’s Scale and Beyond
                • June 2022 (version 1.69)

                  Update 1.69.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.69.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: 3-way merge editor - Resolve merge conflicts wit

                    June 2022 (version 1.69)
                  • Agents

                    Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl

                      Agents
                    • kyju.org - Piccolo - A Stackless Lua Interpreter

                      Piccolo - A Stackless Lua Interpreter 2024-05-01 History of piccolo A "Stackless" Interpreter Design Benefits of Stackless Cancellation Pre-emptive Concurrency Fuel, Pacing, and Custom Scheduling "Symmetric" Coroutines and coroutine.yieldto The "Big Lie" Rust Coroutines, Lua Coroutines, and Snarfing Zooming Out piccolo is an interpreter for the Lua language written in pure, mostly safe Rust with a

                      • Weird Lexical Syntax

                        I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,

                          Weird Lexical Syntax
                        • What a good debugger can do 🔮

                          When people say “debuggers are useless and using logging and unit-tests is much better,” I suspect many of them think that debuggers can only put breakpoints on certain lines, step-step-step through the code, and check variable values. While any reasonable debugger can indeed do all of that, it’s only the tip of the iceberg. Think about it; we could already step through the code 40 years ago, sure

                            What a good debugger can do 🔮
                          • Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)

                            Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da

                            • Font with Built-In Syntax Highlighting

                              Note: I received a lot of great feedback from the discussions at Mastodon and Hacker News, so I've updated the post with some improvements to the font! I've also added some further examples and acknowledgements at the end. Syntax Highlighting in Hand-Coded Websites The problem I have been trying to identify practical reasons why hand-coding websites with HTML and CSS is so hard (by hand-coding, I

                              • June 2023 (version 1.80)

                                Update 1.80.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.80.2: The update addresses this security issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Accessibility improvements - Accessible V

                                  June 2023 (version 1.80)
                                • Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64

                                  Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro

                                  • Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products

                                    Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”

                                      Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
                                    • July 2022 (version 1.70)

                                      Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.70.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.70.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.70.3: This update is only available for Windows 7 users and is the last release supporting Windows 7. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welc

                                        July 2022 (version 1.70)
                                      • A Walk with LuaJIT

                                        The following is a chronicle of implementing a general purpose zero-instrumentation BPF based profiler for LuaJIT. Some assumptions are made about what this entails and it may be helpful to read some of our other work in this area. One major change from prior efforts is that instead of working with the original Parca unwinder we are now working with the OpenTelemetry eBPF profiler. If you missed t

                                          A Walk with LuaJIT
                                        • Rust: A Critical Retrospective « bunnie's blog

                                          Since I was unable to travel for a couple of years during the pandemic, I decided to take my new-found time and really lean into Rust. After writing over 100k lines of Rust code, I think I am starting to get a feel for the language and like every cranky engineer I have developed opinions and because this is the Internet I’m going to share them. The reason I learned Rust was to flesh out parts of t

                                          • The joy of building a ray tracer, for fun, in Rust. // flurries of latent creativity

                                            TLDR? You can find the code and a bunch of examples on GitHub at dps/rust-raytracer. Over the holiday break, I decided to learn Rust. Rust is a modern systems programming language which has a really interesting type system. The type system can catch broad classes of common programming mistakes - e.g. ensuring memory is accessed safely - at compile time while generating tight, performant machine co

                                              The joy of building a ray tracer, for fun, in Rust. // flurries of latent creativity
                                            • How to improve Python packaging, or why fourteen tools are at least tw

                                              There is an area of Python that many developers have problems with. This is an area that has seen many different solutions pop up over the years, with many different opinions, wars, and attempts to solve it. Many have complained about the packaging ecosystem and tools making their lives harder. Many beginners are confused about virtual environments. But does it have to be this way? Are the current

                                              • Delimiter-first code

                                                Summary I argue for wider usage of delimiter-first in the code three friends [tic, tac, toe] becomes three friends ・tic ・tac ・toe. A new top-level syntax for programming languages is proposed to show advantages of this method. New syntax is arguably as simple, but more consistent, better preserves visual structure and solves some issues in code formatting. Related: comma-first formatting A well-kn

                                                • Bringing the power of AI to Windows 11 – unlocking a new era of productivity for customers and developers with Windows Copilot and Dev Home

                                                  Bringing the power of AI to Windows 11 – unlocking a new era of productivity for customers and developers with Windows Copilot and Dev Home The team and I are pumped to be back at Build with the developer community this year. Over the last year, Windows has continued to see incredible growth fueled by Windows 11 adoption. In fact, one of the most exciting areas driving that growth for Windows has

                                                    Bringing the power of AI to Windows 11 – unlocking a new era of productivity for customers and developers with Windows Copilot and Dev Home
                                                  • August 2023 (version 1.82)

                                                    Update 1.82.1: The update addresses this security issue. Update 1.82.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.82.3: The update addresses this security issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the August 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key hi

                                                      August 2023 (version 1.82)
                                                    • Accelerating Generative AI with PyTorch II: GPT, Fast – PyTorch

                                                      Blog Accelerating Generative AI with PyTorch II: GPT, Fast This post is the second part of a multi-series blog focused on how to accelerate generative AI models with pure, native PyTorch. We are excited to share a breadth of newly released PyTorch performance features alongside practical examples to see how far we can push PyTorch native performance. In part one, we showed how to accelerate Segmen

                                                        Accelerating Generative AI with PyTorch II: GPT, Fast – PyTorch
                                                      • Why People are Angry over Go 1.23 Iterators - gingerBill

                                                        NOTE: This is based on, but completely rewritten, from a Twitter post: https://x.com/TheGingerBill/status/1802645945642799423 TL;DR It makes Go feel too “functional” rather than being an unabashed imperative language. I recently saw a post on Twitter showing the upcoming Go iterator design for Go 1.23 (August 2024). From what I can gather, many people seem to dislike the design. I wanted to give m

                                                        • Real-world gen AI use cases from the world's leading organizations | Google Cloud Blog

                                                          AI is here, AI is everywhere: Top companies, governments, researchers, and startups are already enhancing their work with Google's AI solutions. Published April 12, 2024; last updated October 9, 2025. A year and a half ago, during Google Cloud Next 24, we published this list for the first time. It numbered 101 entries. It felt like a lot at the time, and served as a showcase of how much momentum b

                                                            Real-world gen AI use cases from the world's leading organizations | Google Cloud Blog
                                                          • Advent of Code on the Nintendo DS

                                                            It is December. That means annoying Christmas things are everywhere, including but not limited to the annual programming semi-competition known as Advent of Code. The problem with Advent of Code is that it is a waste of time. Most of the puzzles are in the realm of either string processing (somewhat applicable to programming), logic puzzles (not really applicable to most programming), or stupid go

                                                            • How a simple Linux kernel memory corruption bug can lead to complete system compromise

                                                              In this case, reallocating the object as one of those three types didn't seem to me like a nice way forward (although it should be possible to exploit this somehow with some effort, e.g. by using count.counter to corrupt the buf field of seq_file). Also, some systems might be using the slab_nomerge kernel command line flag, which disables this merging behavior. Another approach that I didn't look

                                                              • The Go Programming Language and Environment – Communications of the ACM

                                                                Go is a programming language created at Google in late 2007 and released as open source in November 2009. Since then, it has operated as a public project, with contributions from thousands of individuals and dozens of companies. Go has become a popular language for building cloud infrastructure: Docker, a Linux container manager, and Kubernetes, a container deployment system, are core cloud techno

                                                                • Manus tools and prompts

                                                                  agent loop �� �p�� You are Manus, an AI agent created by the Manus team. You excel at the following tasks: 1. Information gathering, fact-checking, and documentation 2. Data processing, analysis, and visualization 3. Writing multi-chapter articles and in-depth research reports 4. Creating websites, applications, and tools 5. Using programming to solve various problems beyond development 6. Variou

                                                                    Manus tools and prompts
                                                                  • 0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language

                                                                    Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by

                                                                    • Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away

                                                                      The Andrej Karpathy episode. Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why model collapse prevents LLMs from learning the way humans do, why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify

                                                                        Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away
                                                                      • Where Programming, Ops, AI, and the Cloud are Headed in 2021

                                                                        In this report, we look at the data generated by the O’Reilly online learning platform to discern trends in the technology industry—trends technology leaders need to follow. But what are “trends”? All too often, trends degenerate into horse races over languages and platforms. Look at all the angst heating up social media when TIOBE or RedMonk releases their reports on language rankings. Those repo

                                                                          Where Programming, Ops, AI, and the Cloud are Headed in 2021
                                                                        • Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools

                                                                          arXiv:2506.12115v1 [cs.CL] 13 Jun 2025 Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools Brown Ebouky IBM Research - Zurich ETH Zurich Brown.Ebouky@ibm.com Andrea Bartezzaghi IBM Research - Zurich abt@zurich.ibm.com Mattia Rigotti IBM Research - Zurich mrg@zurich.ibm.com Abstract The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI’s o1 was met with excited spec- ulation by the AI community

                                                                          • Software Engineering - The Soft Parts

                                                                            In "Software Engineering - The Soft Parts" Addy Osmani shares lessons from his first 10 years at Google on the "soft skills" that can help engineers become effective and scale their effectiveness. This guidance should help junior, mid-career and even senior developers move forward, deal with changing technology, and navigate building non-trivial systems. Today I'll share some of the software engin

                                                                              Software Engineering - The Soft Parts
                                                                            • How Nvidia’s CUDA Monopoly In Machine Learning Is Breaking – OpenAI Triton And PyTorch 2.0

                                                                              How Nvidia’s CUDA Monopoly In Machine Learning Is Breaking – OpenAI Triton And PyTorch 2.0 Over the last decade, the landscape of machine learning software development has undergone significant changes. Many frameworks have come and gone, but most have relied heavily on leveraging Nvidia’s CUDA and performed best on Nvidia GPUs. However, with the arrival of PyTorch 2.0 and OpenAI’s Triton, Nvidia’

                                                                                How Nvidia’s CUDA Monopoly In Machine Learning Is Breaking – OpenAI Triton And PyTorch 2.0
                                                                              • j3s.sh

                                                                                my website is one binary 2022-04-06 ---------------------------- a.k.a. this one weird trick that inspires me to program creatively i have struggled for years to figure out a website framework that feels good to me. i tried all of the classics, including but limited to: - ghost - hugo - jekyll - sr.ht + tarball - manual html editing i have very high and unusual standards, and none of the above fel

                                                                                • Introducing PyTorch Monarch – PyTorch

                                                                                  We now live in a world where ML workflows (pre-training, post training, etc) are heterogeneous, must contend with hardware failures, are increasingly asynchronous and highly dynamic. Traditionally, PyTorch has relied on an HPC-style  multi-controller model, where multiple copies of the same script are launched across different machines, each running its own instance of the application (often refer