SRE Doesn’t Scale
We encounter a lot of organizations talking about or attempting to implement SRE as part of our consulting at Real Kinetic. We’ve even discussed and debated ourselves, ad nauseam, how we can apply it at our own product company, Witful. There’s a brief, unassuming section in the SRE book tucked away towards the tail end of chapter 32, “The Evolving SRE Engagement Model.” Between the SLIs and SLOs,
Developers are increasingly relying on AI coding assistants to accelerate our daily workflows. These tools can autocomplete functions, suggest bug fixes, and even generate entire modules or MVPs. Yet, as many of us have learned, the quality of the AI’s output depends largely on the quality of the prompt you provide. In other words, prompt engineering has become an essential skill. A poorly phrased
ついに来るのか!?拡散言語モデル｜shi3z
我々が単に「言語モデル」といった場合、それはTransformerモデルを指す。Transformerモデルは、ChatGPTやGemini、Claude-3、Command-R+などで使われている。 最近はMambaのような状態ステートマシンの言語モデルも出てきた。そしてもしかしたら今後はここに、拡散ディフュージョンモデルが加わるのかもしれない。 拡散モデルで有名なのは、StableDiffusionで、主に画像生成に使う。 実は画像生成は最初はTransformerだった。OpenAIのDALL-Eは、Transformerとして画像生成を行なった。しかしTransformerには明らかな欠点があり、それはあまりにも膨大な計算量が必要なことだ。 Transformerの事前学習プリトレーニングには、今でも天文学的な計算資源が必要だし、微調整ファインチューニングにも今なお膨大な計算機が必
How Big Tech Runs Tech Projects and the Curious Absence of Scrum
Project management is a topic most people have strong opinions on, and I’m no exception. To answer the question of how different companies run engineering projects, I pulled in help from across the industry. In this issue we’ll cover: Project management approaches across the industry. An overview of a survey with over 100 companies represented, plus key takeaways.Project management at Big Tech. Ho
Why I Quit Google’s WebAssembly Team, And How It Made Me Sick
Why I Quit Google’s WebAssembly Team, And How It Made Me Sick I joined Google in early 2015 to work on the V8 team as one of the first authors of the WebAssembly specification. This is a partial story of what went wrong with the process and how it permanently damaged me. My hope is that this story will help people recognize toxic cultures in their own workplaces, or help new hires have a better ca
GitHub - modelcontextprotocol/servers: Model Context Protocol Servers
Official integrations are maintained by companies building production ready MCP servers for their platforms. 21st.dev Magic - Create crafted UI components inspired by the best 21st.dev design engineers. 2slides - An MCP server that provides tools to convert content into slides/PPT/presentation or generate slides/PPT/presentation with user intention. ActionKit by Paragon - Connect to 130+ SaaS inte
Published Jun 13, 2025 Our Research feature uses multiple Claude agents to explore complex topics more effectively. We share the engineering challenges and the lessons we learned from building this system. Claude now has Research capabilities that allow it to search across the web, Google Workspace, and any integrations to accomplish complex tasks. The journey of this multi-agent system from proto
January 3, 2026 When I joined Google ~14 years ago, I thought the job was about writing great code. I was partly right. But the longer I’ve stayed, the more I’ve realized that the engineers who thrive aren’t necessarily the best programmers - they’re the ones who’ve figured out how to navigate everything around the code: the people, the politics, the alignment, the ambiguity. These lessons are wha
awesome-scalability
The Patterns of Scalable, Reliable, and Performant Large-Scale Systems View the Project on GitHub View On GitHub An updated and organized reading list for illustrating the patterns of scalable, reliable, and performant large-scale systems. Concepts are explained in the articles of prominent engineers and credible references. Case studies are taken from battle-tested systems that serve millions to
Why I'm No Longer Talking to Architects About Microservices
Check out our Cloud Native Services and book a call with one of our experts today! It happened again last week. I was at an architecture review meeting when a fellow architect eagerly started another debate about *microservices*. Within minutes, eyes glazed over and we were knee-deep in an absurd discussion about something that should have been a means to an end, but had morphed into the end itsel
I think and talk a lot about the risks of powerful AI. The company I’m the CEO of, Anthropic, does a lot of research on how to reduce these risks. Because of this, people sometimes draw the conclusion that I’m a pessimist or “doomer” who thinks AI will be mostly bad or dangerous. I don’t think that at all. In fact, one of my main reasons for focusing on risks is that they’re the only thing standin
Scaling Managed Agents: Decoupling the brain from the hands
Published Apr 08, 2026 Harnesses encode assumptions that go stale as models improve. Managed Agents—our hosted service for long-horizon agent work—is built around interfaces that stay stable as harnesses change. Get started with Claude Managed Agents by following our docs. A running topic on the Engineering Blog is how to build effective agents and design harnesses for long-running work. A common
Continuous reinvention: A brief history of block storage at AWS
Continuous reinvention: A brief history of block storage at AWSAugust 22, 2024 • 4802 words Marc Olson has been part of the team shaping Elastic Block Store (EBS) for over a decade. In that time, he’s helped to drive the dramatic evolution of EBS from a simple block storage service relying on shared drives to a massive network storage system that delivers over 140 trillion daily operations. In thi
Published Feb 05, 2026 We tasked Opus 4.6 using agent teams to build a C Compiler, and then (mostly) walked away. Here's what it taught us about the future of autonomous software development. Written by Nicholas Carlini, a researcher on our Safeguards team. I've been experimenting with a new approach to supervising language models that we’re calling "agent teams." With agent teams, multiple Claude
How to make LLM-assisted changes governable, reviewable, and reusable LLM programming assistants have demonstrated considerable value, but mostly with individual developers. The internal IT organization in Thoughtworks has been using them for their teams and have developed a method and workflow called Structured Prompt-Driven Development (SPDD). The article describes a simple example of this workf
GitLab has at most eight layers in the company structure (Associate/Intermediate/Senior, Manager, Senior Manager, Director, Senior Director and/or VP, Executives, CEO). You can skip layers but you generally never have someone reporting to the same layer (Example of a VP reporting to a VP). Dual Career Path at GitLab A dual career path is a career path that allows upward mobility for team members w
Mitchell Hashimoto was behind Vagrant, Packer, Consul, Terraform, Vault, Nomad, Waypoint and now builds Ghostty and Vouch. In this interview, we talk about terminals, Zig and open source. You’ve been interviewed a lot. Why do people like to interview you? In interviews, everyone comes from a different angle. Many people want to know how the software engineering to business founder mindset transiti
How we built Claude Code auto mode: a safer way to skip permissions
How we built Claude Code auto mode: a safer way to skip permissions Published Mar 25, 2026 Claude Code users approve 93% of permission prompts. We built classifiers to automate some decisions, increasing safety while reducing approval fatigue. Here's what it catches, and what it misses. By default, Claude Code asks users for approval before running commands or modifying files. This keeps users saf
The Programming Tourist
29 Jul, 2026 My first introduction to programming was the blue screen of Quick Basic — bear with me, there is a point to this, I promise. My first real introduction to programming was C++, using the Eclipse IDE, in an introductory CS1 course at university. I was studying Electrical Engineering at the time, and if memory serves, during the first week of the course, I switched majors to Computer Sci
Dark Side of DevOps
Transcript Protsenko: My name is Mykyta. I work at Netflix. My job is basically making sure that other developers don't have to stay at work late. I call it a win when they can leave at 5 p.m., and still be productive. I work in the platform organization, namely in productivity engineering, where we try to abstract toil away for the rest of engineers. Where we try to make sure that the engineers c
There is a scene in the movie version of Carl Sagan’s book Contact where the main character, an astronomer who has detected the first radio signal from an alien civilization, is being considered for the role of humanity’s representative to meet the aliens. The international panel interviewing her asks, “If you could ask [the aliens] just one question, what would it be?” Her reply is: “I’d ask them
Welcome to the very first post in a new blog! Here I will discuss software development, SRE work, and other fun stuff. Sometimes an idea is just too good to pass up. I hope this blog will motivate me to turn sparks and little pieces into general knowledge in writing the words down. The other day I was discussing Tabby with a coworker. We talked about whether we should consider AI-autocompleted cod
31st December 2024 A lot has happened in the world of Large Language Models over the course of 2024. Here’s a review of things we figured out about the field in the past twelve months, plus my attempt at identifying key themes and pivotal moments. This is a sequel to my review of 2023. In this article: The GPT-4 barrier was comprehensively broken Some of those GPT-4 models run on my laptop LLM pri
2025 has been a strong and eventful year of progress in LLMs. The following is a list of personally notable and mildly surprising "paradigm changes" - things that altered the landscape and stood out to me conceptually. 1. Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)At the start of 2025, the LLM production stack in all labs looked something like this: Pretraining (GPT-2/3 of ~2020) Supervi
Introducing computer use, a new Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Claude 3.5 Haiku
Introducing computer use, a new Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Claude 3.5 Haiku Update (12/03/2024): We have revised the pricing for Claude 3.5 Haiku. The model is now priced at $0.80 MTok input / $4 MTok output. Today, we’re announcing an upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and a new model, Claude 3.5 Haiku. The upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet delivers across-the-board improvements over its predecessor, with particul
Using STAMP to improve resilience in Google production systems Billions of people around the world use Google’s products every day, and they count on those products to work reliably. Behind the scenes, Google’s services have increased dramatically in scale over the last 25 years — and failures have become rarer even as the scale has grown. Google’s SRE team has pioneered methods to keep failures
The Legends Of Runeterra CI/CD PipelineMay 31, 2021Share this on RedditShare this on TwitterShare this on FacebookToggle additional sharing options Hi, I’m Guy Kisel, and I’m a software engineer on Legends of Runeterra’s Production Engineering: Shared Tools, Automation, and Build team (PE:STAB for short). My team is responsible for solving cross-team shared client technology issues and increasing
Models are improving and AI agents are taking on more tasks in shared codebases, markets, and other social systems. As a result, an increase in real-world interactions between agents is imminent. We've already begun studying this, but still have a lot of uncertainty regarding what this looks like at scale. The trajectory is easy to imagine and hard to slow: current institutions are designed by and
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) K. Davis Request for Comments: 9562 Cisco Systems Obsoletes: 4122 B. Peabody Category: Standards Track Uncloud ISSN: 2070-1721 P. Leach University of Washington May 2024 Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs) Abstract This specification defines UUIDs (Universally Unique IDentifiers) -- also known as GUIDs (Globally Unique IDentifiers) -- and a Uniform Resou
Since this was written, OpenAI has discontinued ChatGPT Plugins and launched custom GPTs. Find more information about the Wolfram GPT here: https://gpt.wolfram.com. In Just Two and a Half Months… Early in January I wrote about the possibility of connecting ChatGPT to Wolfram|Alpha. And today—just two and a half months later—I’m excited to announce that it’s happened! Thanks to some heroic software
Prompt Engineering
Date: March 15, 2023 | Estimated Reading Time: 21 min | Author: Lilian Weng Prompt Engineering, also known as In-Context Prompting, refers to methods for how to communicate with LLM to steer its behavior for desired outcomes without updating the model weights. It is an empirical science and the effect of prompt engineering methods can vary a lot among models, thus requiring heavy experimentation a
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
How Good Documentation Can Improve Productivity - Shopify
How Good Documentation Can Improve ProductivityGood documentation has many benefits, but first and foremost it boosts engineers’ productivity. Here are a few tips to encourage a strong writing culture. When I joined Shopify last year, I knew its engineering culture was top class. What I didn’t know was the company’s documentation culture was even more developed than I previously experienced. Simpl
Vjeux » Birth of Prettier
React Conf is around the corner and it's been almost 10 years since Prettier was released. I figured it would be a good time to recount the journey from its early days to now. This is the story of how the "Space vs Tabs Holy War" ended, not through one side winning over the other but instead a technological invention making it the underlying source of tensions no longer being a thing. Back Story S
Preparing for the Systems Design and Coding Interview
At Big Tech and high-growth startups, coding and systems design interviews are common - and fairly standard. A lot of people have asked me for preparation advice for these. Here is what I used when getting ready for an E5/E6 Facebook interview, and the one at Uber - where I was hired as a senior software engineer (L5). It's the same resources I recommend to people who are preparing for Big Tech or
Published Jun 13, 2025 Our Research feature uses multiple Claude agents to explore complex topics more effectively. We share the engineering challenges and the lessons we learned from building this system. Claude now has Research capabilities that allow it to search across the web, Google Workspace, and any integrations to accomplish complex tasks. The journey of this multi-agent system from proto
From Coder to Orchestrator: The future of software engineering with AI - Human Who Codes
The software engineering industry is undergoing a major AI-driven transition in how we work. The days when humans needed to write every line of code are already behind us as LLMs become more capable and reliable. The improvement in code output during 2025 alone has been astounding. I’ve personally watched LLMs struggle with certain problems, then a few months later, solve them completely and effic
Programming interviews can be a great learning experience for interviewers as well as interviewees. In fact, I recently had the opportunity to learn something new about Rust while interviewing an engineering candidate. Background About our Interview ProcessAt OneSignal, we don't believe in handing someone a problem and watching them flounder with zero autocomplete and zero docs. Engineers who appl
Building and operating a pretty big storage system called S3
Building and operating a pretty big storage system called S3July 27, 2023 • 6277 words Today, I am publishing a guest post from Andy Warfield, VP and distinguished engineer over at S3. I asked him to write this based on the Keynote address he gave at USENIX FAST ‘23 that covers three distinct perspectives on scale that come along with building and operating a storage system the size of S3. In toda
The things I love about Google are the things I dislike about Google
I spent 11 years at Amazon (as a Principal Engineer in Developer Tools), and have been at Google for the last 2.5 years (as a Senior Staff Engineer on Developer Infrastructure for Integration Testing). Both positions were company-wide engineering productivity roles that put me in touch with a vast array of teams and exposed me to both cultures deeply. And I’ve come to the following epiphany and pa
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The Prompt Engineering Playbook for Programmers
How we built our multi-agent research system
21 Lessons From 14 Years at Google
Dario Amodei — Machines of Loving Grace
Building a C compiler with a team of parallel Claudes
Structured-Prompt-Driven Development (SPDD)
Organizational Structure
Interview With Mitchell Hashimoto
Dario Amodei — The Adolescence of Technology
Test-Driven Development with an LLM for Fun and Profit
Things we learned about LLMs in 2024
2025 LLM Year in Review
The Evolution of SRE at Google
The Legends Of Runeterra CI/CD Pipeline
Patterns and problems in multiagent systems
RFC 9562: Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs)
ChatGPT Gets Its “Wolfram Superpowers”!
How we built our multi-agent research system
Understanding Rust Thread Safety