Division by some constants are very easy in binary math. Good bets are: Any multiple of 2 (obviously) 1000 (since it is close to 1024) and is nice for binary to decimal conversions. 60 (close to 64) and is nice for working with degrees and minutes or seconds. Robert A. LaBudde, PhD, PAS, Dpl. ACAFS If you only need to divide by five, and you don't want to write a standard division routine, you can