Foundations and Trends R � in Databases Vol. 4, Nos. 1–3 (2011) 1–294 c � 2012 G. Cormode, M. Garofalakis, P. J. Haas and C. Jermaine DOI: 10.1561/1900000004 Synopses for Massive Data: Samples, Histograms, Wavelets, Sketches By Graham Cormode, Minos Garofalakis, Peter J. Haas and Chris Jermaine Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 The Need for Synopses 3 1.2 Survey Overview 5 1.3 Outline 6 2 Sampling 11