How I built a modern website in 2021September 29th, 2021 — 34 min read For over half of 2021, I worked on a complete rewrite of kentcdodds.com. You're reading this on the rewrite of this site! Are you using dark mode or light mode? Have you signed in and selected your team yet? Have you tried to call into the Call Kent Podcast? This blog post isn't about these and other features of the new site, b
Building a highly-available web service without a database
If you’ve ever built a web service or a web app, you know the drill: pick a database, pick a web service framework (and in today’s day and age, pick a front-end framework, but let’s not get into that). This has been the case for several decades now, and people don’t stop to question if this is still the best way to build a web app. Many things have changed in the last decade: Disk is a lot faster
I've been using Claude Code as my primary development tool for approx 9 months, and the workflow I've settled into is radically different from what most people do with AI coding tools. Most developers type a prompt, sometimes use plan mode, fix the errors, repeat. The more terminally online are stitching together ralph loops, mcps, gas towns (remember those?), etc. The results in both cases are a
Announcing New Tools for Building with Generative AI on AWS | Amazon Web Services
Artificial Intelligence Announcing New Tools for Building with Generative AI on AWS The seeds of a machine learning (ML) paradigm shift have existed for decades, but with the ready availability of scalable compute capacity, a massive proliferation of data, and the rapid advancement of ML technologies, customers across industries are transforming their businesses. Just recently, generative AI appli
In the previous article we covered how the PostgreSQL planner reads pg_class and pg_statistic to estimate row counts, choose join strategies, and decide whether an index scan is worth it. The message was clear: when statistics are wrong, everything else goes with it. Streaming replication provides bit-to-bit replication, so all replicas share the same statistics with primary server. But there was
We Love You, TypeScriptFor nearly five years now, Motion has operated in a large TypeScript monorepo. At its peak, it was roughly ~2.5 million lines of code after excluding comments, node_modules, etc. To manage this, we used Vercel’s rather excellent Turborepo build system. This is not a blog post hating on TypeScript — quite the opposite! Motion would likely not even have survived until today wi
Today, we are excited to announce the launch of .NET 10, the most productive, modern, secure, intelligent, and performant release of .NET yet. It’s the result of another year of effort from thousands of developers around the world. This release includes thousands of performance, security, and functional improvements across the entire .NET stack-from languages and developer tools to workloads-enabl
What We Learned from a Year of Building with LLMs (Part I)
It’s an exciting time to build with large language models (LLMs). Over the past year, LLMs have become “good enough” for real-world applications. The pace of improvements in LLMs, coupled with a parade of demos on social media, will fuel an estimated $200B investment in AI by 2025. LLMs are also broadly accessible, allowing everyone, not just ML engineers and scientists, to build intelligence into
Assessing Claude Mythos Preview’s cybersecurity capabilities April 7, 2026 Nicholas Carlini, Newton Cheng, Keane Lucas, Michael Moore, Milad Nasr, Vinay Prabhushankar, Winnie Xiao Hakeem Angulu, Evyatar Ben Asher, Jackie Bow, Keir Bradwell, Ben Buchanan, David Forsythe, Daniel Freeman, Alex Gaynor, Xinyang Ge, Logan Graham, Kyla Guru, Hasnain Lakhani, Matt McNiece, Mojtaba Mehrara, Renee Nichol, A
The SaaS CTO Security Checklist Redux - Gold Fig — Peace of mind for infrastructure teams
Doing the basics goes a long way in keeping your company and product secure. This third1 edition of the SaaS CTO Security Checklist provides actionable security best practices CTOs (or anyone for that matter) can use to harden their security. This list is far from exhaustive, incomplete by nature since the security you need depends on your company, product, and assets. 🚀 Your employees Accustom e
Introduction to Go 1.17 The latest Go release, version 1.17, arrives six months after Go 1.16. Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before. Changes to the language Go 1.17 includes three small enhancements to the l
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
Vjeux » Birth of Prettier
React Conf is around the corner and it's been almost 10 years since Prettier was released. I figured it would be a good time to recount the journey from its early days to now. This is the story of how the "Space vs Tabs Holy War" ended, not through one side winning over the other but instead a technological invention making it the underlying source of tensions no longer being a thing. Back Story S
Why Elixir Is the Best Language for Building a Bootstrapped, B2B SaaS in 2024 | SleepEasy Website Monitor
Why Elixir Is the Best Language for Building a Bootstrapped, B2B SaaS in 2024 [This article is the companion to my presentation for CodeBEAM America 2024, Elixir is the One-Person Stack for Building a Software Startup. You can download the slides as a PDF or view them in Google Slides.] I’d like to share why I chose Elixir as the programming language (and really, as we’ll discuss, the full stack)
Everything a developer needs to know about Generative AI for SaaS
Everything a developer needs to know about Generative AI for SaaS Few months ago, I knew almost nothing about AI. I used ChatGPT and Co-Pilot (I'm civilized, after all), but a lot of the content around AI was Greek to me. Terms like models, transformers, training, inference, RAG, attention, and agents were unfamiliar. Last week, I have completed my first end-to-end AI-based product: AI Code Assist
Real-world gen AI use cases from the world's leading organizations | Google Cloud Blog
AI is here, AI is everywhere: Top companies, governments, researchers, and startups are already enhancing their work with Google's AI solutions. Published April 12, 2024; last updated October 9, 2025. Automotive & Logistics Business & Professional Services Financial Services Healthcare & Life Sciences Hospitality & Travel Manufacturing, Industrial & Electronics Media, Marketing & Gaming Public Sec
The State of Python 2025: Trends and Survey Insights | The PyCharm Blog
This is a guest post from Michael Kennedy, the founder of Talk Python and a PSF Fellow. Welcome to the highlights, trends, and key actions from the eighth annual Python Developers Survey. This survey is conducted as a collaborative effort between the Python Software Foundation and JetBrains’ PyCharm team. The survey results provide a comprehensive look at Python usage statistics and popularity tre
Power Fx: Open source now available - Microsoft Power Platform Blog
All Microsoft Global Microsoft 365 Azure Copilot Windows Surface Xbox Deals Small Business Support Software Windows Apps Outlook OneDrive Microsoft Teams OneNote Microsoft Edge Moving from Skype to Teams PCs & Devices Computers Shop Xbox Accessories VR & mixed reality Certified Refurbished Trade-in for cash Entertainment Xbox Game Pass Ultimate PC Game Pass Xbox games PC games Business Microsoft A
Local-first software: You own your data, in spite of the cloud
Cloud apps like Google Docs and Trello are popular because they enable real-time collaboration with colleagues, and they make it easy for us to access our work from all of our devices. However, by centralizing data storage on servers, cloud apps also take away ownership and agency from users. If a service shuts down, the software stops functioning, and data created with that software is lost. In t
What We’ve Learned From A Year of Building with LLMs – Applied LLMs
A practical guide to building successful LLM products, covering the tactical, operational, and strategic. It’s an exciting time to build with large language models (LLMs). Over the past year, LLMs have become “good enough” for real-world applications. And they’re getting better and cheaper every year. Coupled with a parade of demos on social media, there will be an estimated $200B investment in AI
Tech Solvency: The Story So Far: CVE-2021-44228 (Log4Shell log4j vulnerability).
Log4Shell log4j vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228 / CVE-2021-45046) - cheat-sheet reference guide Last updated: $Date: 2022/02/08 23:26:16 $ UTC - best effort, validate all for your environment/model before use, unofficial sources may be wrong by @TychoTithonus (Royce Williams), standing on the shoulders of many giants Send updates or suggestions (please include category / context / public (or support
Exactly ten years ago today, we published "Why We Created Julia", introducing the Julia project to the world. At this point, we have moved well past the ambitious goals set out in the original blog post. Julia is now used by hundreds of thousands of people. It is taught at hundreds of universities and entire companies are being formed that build their software stacks on Julia. From personalized me
I meant to write about this when I started my blog in 2009. Eventually Lush kind of faded out of my consciousness, as it was a lot easier to get work doing stuff in R or Matlab or whatever. The guy who was maintaining the code moved on to other things. The guys who wrote most of the code were getting famous because of the German Traffic Sign results. I moved on to other things. I had a thought bu
Database Fundamentals
About a year ago, I tried thinking which database I should choose for my next project, and came to the realization that I don't really know the differences of databases enough. I went to different database websites and saw mostly marketing and words I don't understand. This is when I decided to read the excellent books Database Internals by Alex Petrov and Designing Data-Intensive Applications by
10 Things Software Developers Should Learn about Learning – Communications of the ACM
The dashed box on the left contains exactly the same information as the awkward textual description in the dashed box on the right. But if a developer only received one of the two to create an SQL database, they are likely to find the diagram easier than the text. We say that the text here has a higher extraneous cognitive load. When faced with a task that seems beyond a person’s abilities, it is
Introduction to Go 1.22 The latest Go release, version 1.22, arrives six months after Go 1.21. Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before. Changes to the language Go 1.22 makes two changes to “for” loops. Previous
For almost a complete decade—starting with discovering Haskell in about 2009 and right up until switching to a job where I used primarily Ruby and C++ in about 2019—I would have called myself first and foremost a Haskell programmer. Not necessarily a dogmatic Haskeller! I was—and still am—proudly a polyglot who bounces between languages depending on the needs of the project. However, Haskell was m
"Your embeddings are out of sync again." It's a message that haunts engineering teams trying to build AI applications. What starts as a simple vector search implementation inevitably evolves into a complex orchestra of monitoring, synchronization, and firefighting. We've spent the past year talking to dozens of engineering teams building AI systems with vector databases, whether semantic search, r
How to maintain engineering velocity as you scale | Y Combinator
Engineering is typically the function that grows fastest at a scaling startup. It requires a lot of attention to make sure the pace of execution does not slow and cultural issues do not emerge as you scale. We’ve learned a lot about pace of execution in the past five years at Faire. When we launched in 2017, we were a team of five engineers. From the beginning, we built a simple but solid foundati
Figure 1. Typical latencies of different database systems. However, this also causes complicated technology stacks and data silos, which limit how fast companies can grow. This calls for a hybrid approach. The beauty of HTAP Regardless of how it is implemented, a modern HTAP architecture typically features cloud scalability, and one data entry with one infrastructure stack. There, OLTP data and OL
Cognitive load is what matters
The logo image was taken from Reddit. It is a living document, last update: May 2025. Your contributions are welcome! Introduction There are so many buzzwords and best practices out there, but most of them have failed. We need something more fundamental, something that can't be wrong. Sometimes we feel confusion going through the code. Confusion costs time and money. Confusion is caused by high co
Most guides to the finer aspects of managing databases like Postgres are… not great. The Postgres documentation is well-written, but it has too much information for most developers. On the other hand, most online Postgres optimization guides are essentially a repeated version of: “Run this command. Got it? Cool.” This should provide you with a relatively brief introduction to Postgres tuning, focu
Accepted at ICLR 2026 (Oral). GEPA: REFLECTIVE PROMPT EVOLUTION CAN OUTPER- FORM REINFORCEMENT LEARNING Lakshya A Agrawal1 , Shangyin Tan1 , Dilara Soylu2 , Noah Ziems4 , Rishi Khare1 , Krista Opsahl-Ong5 , Arnav Singhvi2,5 , Herumb Shandilya2 , Michael J Ryan2 , Meng Jiang4 , Christopher Potts2 , Koushik Sen1 , Alexandros G. Dimakis1,3 , Ion Stoica1 , Dan Klein1 , Matei Zaharia1,5 , Omar Khattab6
Last document update: October 2025. The logo image was taken from Reddit. This is a short version of the text. Toggle the switch to see a longer version. Prompt | Chinese | Japanese | Spanish | Korean | Turkish Introduction There are so many buzzwords and best practices out there, but most of them have failed. They failed because they were imagined, not real. These ideas were based on aesthetics a
Migrating the Jira Database Platform to AWS Aurora - Work Life by Atlassian
Discover how Atlassian migrated four million Jira databases to AWS Aurora—at scale and with minimal user impact. Learn about the technical challenges, strategies, and outcomes that enabled this ambitious transformation in reliability, performance, and cost efficiency How would you migrate a database, without your users noticing? At Atlassian we migrate databases at scale as part of our regular ser
『AI Agentのビジネス価値を計るバックテスト基盤の構築』を支えるSnowflake上での任意時点のスナップショット取得を実現するデータパイプライン - LayerX エンジニアブログ
こちらはLayerX AI Agentブログリレー37日目の記事です。前回の記事は@po3rinによる『AI Agentのビジネス価値を計るバックテスト基盤の構築』でした。 こんにちは。バクラク事業部 BizOps部 データグループの@civitaspoです。前回の『AI Agentのビジネス価値を計るバックテスト基盤の構築』で以下の記載がありました。 LayerXではデータ基盤としてSnowflakeを採用しています。SnapshotデータにアクセスするためにはアプリケーションDBにアクセスしていたクエリを少し変えるだけです。例えば、2025/10/21 9時時点のSnapshotデータにアクセスする場合は次のようになります。 # 通常クエリ SELECT * FROM SAMPLE_TABLE; # Snapshotクエリ SELECT * FROM TABLE(SAMPLE_TABL
Introducing the dbt MCP Server – Bringing Structured Data to AI Workflows and Agents | dbt Developer Blog
dbt is the standard for creating governed, trustworthy datasets on top of your structured data. MCP is showing increasing promise as the standard for providing context to LLMs to allow them to function at a high level in real world, operational scenarios. Today, we are open sourcing an experimental version of the dbt MCP server. We expect that over the coming years, structured data is going to bec
[Twitter discussion, LinkedIn] Updates Jan 3, 2023: Update the online features section to differentiate between real-time features and near real-time features. If you’re interested in this topic, my book Designing Machine Learning Systems (O’Reilly, June 2022) covers online prediction and continual learning in much more detail. Real-time machine learning is the approach of using real-time data to
crawshaw - 2025-06-08
How I program with Agents 2025-06-08 This is the second part of my ongoing self-education in how to adapt my programming experience to a world with computers that talk. The first part, How I program with LLMs, covered ways LLMs can be adapted into our existing tools (basically, autocomplete) and how careful prompting can replace traditional web search. Now I want to talk about the harder, and more
Independent consultant. I build robust, high-quality software systems, get in touch. Harnessing Postgres race conditions Without race condition tests, every possible race condition in your system is one refactor away from hitting production. Synchronization barriers let you write those tests with confidence. What a race condition looks like You have a function that credits an account. It reads the
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How I built a modern website in 2021
How I Use Claude Code | Boris Tane
Production query plans without production data
Moving off of TypeScript
Announcing .NET 10 - .NET Blog
Claude Mythos Preview \ red.anthropic.com
Go 1.17 Release Notes - The Go Programming Language
Why We Use Julia, 10 Years Later
Lush: my favorite small programming language
Go 1.22 Release Notes - The Go Programming Language
Leaving Haskell behind
Vector Databases Are the Wrong Abstraction
HTAP Demystified: Defining a Modern Data Architecture
A Quick(ish) Introduction to Tuning Postgres
GEPA: Reflective Prompt Evolution Can Outperform Reinforcement Learning
Cognitive load is what matters
Real-time machine learning: challenges and solutions
Harnessing Postgres race conditions