Screening for Cancer: Evaluating the Evidence

Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length and screening biases, all of which can result in an overestimation of the benefits of screening. The gold standard by which a screening test is evaluated remains the prospective, randomized controlled trial, demonstrating reduced m

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クリティカルポイントの定義　“The critical point can be defined as that point in the natural history of the disease before which therapy is relatively effective and after which therapy is relatively ineffective.”

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各種バイアス（リードタイム、レングス、スクリーニング）の影響で検診の効果は過大評価されうる。