How do I use Bash on Ubuntu on Windows (WSL) for my VS Code terminal?

This answer seeks to help others avoid spending 1-2 hours troubleshooting and slowly finding disparate solutions for common problems when using WSL for the terminal in VS Code. It does not cover installing specific packages, but rather common ones that may not properly install as dependencies when installing things that do rely on their presence, and on fixing related common settings. Summary of s

[Makeneko]

“C:\\WINDOWS\\Sysnative\\bash.exe"”