This paper introduces a new learning paradigm, called Learning Using Statistical Invariants (LUSI), which is different from the classical one. In a classical paradigm, the learning machine constructs a classification rule that minimizes the probability of expected error; it is data-driven model of learning. In the LUSI paradigm, in order to construct the desired classification function, a learning
It was proved in the previous paper (Watanabe, J Mach Learn Res, 11:3571–3591, (2010), [16]) that Bayes cross validation is asymptotically equivalent to the widely applicable information criterion (WAIC), even if the posterior distribution can not be approximated by any normal distribution. In the present paper, we prove that they are equivalent to each other according to the second order asymptot
The modeling of item response data is governed by item response theory, also referred to as modern test theory. The eld of inquiry of item response theory has become very large and shows the enormous progress that has been made. The mainstream literature is focused on frequentist statistical methods for - timating model parameters and evaluating model t. However, the Bayesian methodology has shown
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