The Ethics and Rationality of Voting (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
First published Thu Jul 28, 2016; substantive revision Fri Dec 4, 2020 This entry focuses on six major questions concerning the rationality and morality of voting: Is it rational for an individual citizen to vote? Is there a moral duty to vote? Are there moral obligations regarding how citizens vote? Is it justifiable for governments to compel citizens to vote? Is it permissible to buy, trade, and
Speech Acts (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
First published Tue Jul 3, 2007; substantive revision Thu Sep 24, 2020 We are attuned in everyday conversation not primarily to the sentences we utter to one another, but to the speech acts that those utterances are used to perform: requests, warnings, invitations, promises, apologies, predictions, and the like. Such acts are staples of communicative life, but only became a topic of sustained inve
Philosophy of History (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
First published Sun Feb 18, 2007; substantive revision Tue Nov 24, 2020 The concept of history plays a fundamental role in human thought. It invokes notions of human agency, change, the role of material circumstances in human affairs, and the putative meaning of historical events. It raises the possibility of “learning from history.” And it suggests the possibility of better understanding ourselve
Freedom of Speech (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
[Editor’s Note: The following new entry by Jeffrey W. Howard replaces the former entry on this topic by the previous author.] Human beings have significant interests in communicating what they think to others, and in listening to what others have to say. These interests make it difficult to justify coercive restrictions on people’s communications, plausibly grounding a moral right to speak (and li
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Memory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Charles Sanders Peirce (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
