CUR matrix approximation - Wikipedia
A CUR matrix approximation is a set of three matrices that, when multiplied together, closely approximate a given matrix.[1][2][3] A CUR approximation can be used in the same way as the low-rank approximation of the singular value decomposition (SVD). CUR approximations are less accurate than the SVD, but they offer two key advantages, both stemming from the fact that the rows and columns come fro
Creating shared value - Wikipedia
Creating shared value (CSV) is a business concept first introduced in a 2006 Harvard Business Review article, Strategy & Society: The Link between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility.[1] The concept was further expanded in the January 2011 follow-up piece entitled Creating Shared Value: Redefining Capitalism and the Role of the Corporation in Society.[2] Written by Michael E.
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Space (mathematics) - Wikipedia
In mathematics, a space is a set (sometimes known as a universe) with a definition (structure) of relationships among the elements of the set. While modern mathematics uses many types of spaces, such as Euclidean spaces, linear spaces, topological spaces, Hilbert spaces, or probability spaces, it does not define the notion of "space" itself.[1][a] Fig. 1: Overview of types of abstract spaces. An a
Vector space - Wikipedia
"Linear space" redirects here. For a structure in incidence geometry, see Linear space (geometry). Vector addition and scalar multiplication: a vector v (blue) is added to another vector w (red, upper illustration). Below, w is stretched by a factor of 2, yielding the sum v + 2w. In mathematics and physics, a vector space (also called a linear space) is a set whose elements, often called vectors,
Pointer swizzling - Wikipedia
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) In computer science, pointer swizzling is the conversion of references based on name or position into direct pointer references
Selection algorithm - Wikipedia
For simulated natural selection in genetic algorithms, see Selection (genetic algorithm). In computer science, a selection algorithm is an algorithm for finding the th smallest value in a collection of ordered values, such as numbers. The value that it finds is called the th order statistic. Selection includes as special cases the problems of finding the minimum, median, and maximum element in the
Mean reciprocal rank - Wikipedia
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Mean reciprocal rank" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The mean reciprocal rank is a statistic measure for evaluating any process that
Interrobang - Wikipedia
The interrobang (/ɪnˈtɛrəbæŋ/),[1] also known as the interabang[2] ‽ (often represented by any of the following: ?!, !?, ?!?,?!!, !?? or !?!), is an unconventional punctuation mark intended to combine the functions of the question mark (also known as the interrogative point)[3] and the exclamation mark (also known in the jargon of printers and programmers as a "bang"). The glyph is a ligature of t
Data lake - Wikipedia
Example of a database that can be used by a data lake (in this case structured data) A data lake is a system or repository of data stored in its natural/raw format,[1] usually object blobs or files. A data lake is usually a single store of data including raw copies of source system data, sensor data, social data etc.,[2] and transformed data used for tasks such as reporting, visualization, advance
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Dummy variable (statistics) - Wikipedia
This article is about the usage in statistics. For the usage in computing and math, see Bound variable. A graph showing the gender wage gap In regression analysis, a dummy variable (also known as indicator variable or just dummy) is one that takes a binary value (0 or 1) to indicate the absence or presence of some categorical effect that may be expected to shift the outcome.[1] For example, if we
Factor graph - Wikipedia
A factor graph is a bipartite graph representing the factorization of a function. In probability theory and its applications, factor graphs are used to represent factorization of a probability distribution function, enabling efficient computations, such as the computation of marginal distributions through the sum–product algorithm. One of the important success stories of factor graphs and the sum–
Matrix completion - Wikipedia
Matrix completion of a partially revealed 5 by 5 matrix with rank-1. Left: observed incomplete matrix; Right: matrix completion result. Matrix completion is the task of filling in the missing entries of a partially observed matrix, which is equivalent to performing data imputation in statistics. A wide range of datasets are naturally organized in matrix form. One example is the movie-ratings matri
Koorde - Wikipedia
In peer-to-peer networks, Koorde is a distributed hash table (DHT) system based on the Chord DHT and the De Bruijn graph (De Bruijn sequence). Inheriting the simplicity of Chord, Koorde meets O(log n) hops per node (where n is the number of nodes in the DHT), and hops per lookup request with O(log n) neighbors per node. The Chord concept is based on a wide range of identifiers (e.g. 2160) in a
Zipf's law - Wikipedia
Zipf's Law on War and Peace.[1] The lower plot shows the remainder when the Zipf law is divided away. It shows that there remains significant pattern not fitted by Zipf law. A plot of the frequency of each word as a function of its frequency rank for two English language texts: Culpeper's Complete Herbal (1652) and H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds (1898) in a log-log scale. The dotted line is t
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