Summary of the transliteration problem Abbreviations: BEN=Bengali script, DEV=Devanagari, P-A=Perso-Arabic, -a=above, -b=below, dia=diaeresis, und=underbar The situation In DEV and BEN, various schemes have been used to represent Perso-Arabic characters. These schemes involve a various numbers of modified Indic characters (where 'modified' means that a diacritic is added). Current Hindi uses at m