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Topics: buttons,responsive design,Mobile & Tablet,Navigation,graphical user interfaces,touch targets Mobile & Tablet Mobile & Tablet, Navigation Desktop sites with a rich information architecture often use both mega menus and category landing pages to implement navigation. Mega menus usually present a set of subcategories for a main navigation option, while the category landing pages contain a lis
Angie’s list used a dropdown for listing service categories. To see all the options, users had to scroll down several times.Users were unable to predict the end of the list because there was no scroll bar. Avoid dropdown boxes when typing may be faster. Typical situations include lists of states or countries, such as for U.S. mailing addresses. It is much faster for users to simply type, say, "NY,
Summary: User research can be done at any point in the design cycle. This list of methods and activities can help you decide which to use when. User-experience research methods are great at producing data and insights, while ongoing activities help get the right things done. Alongside R&D, ongoing UX activities can make everyone’s efforts more effective and valuable. At every stage in the design p
The Distribution of Users’ Computer Skills: Worse Than You Think Summary: Across 33 rich countries, only 5% of the population has high computer-related abilities, and only a third of people can complete medium-complexity tasks. One of usability’s most hard-earned lessons is that you are not the user. This is why it’s a disaster to guess at the users’ needs. Since designers are so different from th
Summary: Practitioners struggle with standardizing a method for journey mapping, but believe the activity is crucial for creating shared vision. Although insights are critical for communicating findings, they are the least often included in journey maps. Journey maps are visualizations used for understanding customer needs and pain points as people interact with an organization. They typically inc
Summary: Discoverability is cut almost in half by hiding a website’s main navigation. Also, task time is longer and perceived task difficulty increases. Our quantitative usability testing of hidden menus (such as hamburger icons) and visible menus (such as links across the top of pages) reveals that: Hidden navigation is less discoverable than visible or partially visible navigation. When navigati
Summary: Follow these well-established — but frequently ignored — UX design guidelines to ensure users can successfully complete your website forms. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) helps keep air travelers safe. But since being delayed or forced to take clothes off in public is also guaranteed to annoy a lot of people, you’d expect the TSA to get a pretty healthy volume of complai
Summary: Front-end style-guides help efficient design and testing, and enforce UI consistency. We present 8 style-guide requirements and 25 common components. What Is a Front-End Style Guide? Front-end style guides have become an increasingly commonplace deliverable in UX practice. As described by Jeff Gothelf and Josh Seiden in their book Lean UX, they originated in Agile or Lean environments. De
Summary: When you design an input field for use on mobile devices, check whether it satisfies this list of 14 usability requirements. Whether you're designing web pages, web-based applications (e.g., SaaS), or native mobile apps, one of the basic building blocks is the humble text-input field: a box where the user can enter some text. Uses of this widget are plenty and not the topic of this articl
Summary: Smartwatch apps should rely on gestures more than on navigation elements, prioritize the essential, support handoff, and create tailored, standalone content. After analyzing the Samsung Galaxy Gear watch last year, I wrote that “Smartwatches are the future—but Samsung Galaxy Gear only partway there.” In spite of the unbridled enthusiasm that the Apple watch has generated on many tech site
Summary: Whether you adopt a flat-design style or not, interactive components must retain sufficient cues to suggest clickability. Signaling clickability with cues such as borders, color, size, consistency, placement, and adherence to web standards can give interactive components the proper look. Navigating the web is a means to an end and every click counts. Users need to know which areas of the
Summary: Endless scrolling saves people from having to attend to the mechanics of pagination in browsing tasks, but is not a good choice for websites that support goal-oriented finding tasks. If you’re thinking about infinite scrolling for your site, stop and consider whether this feature does more harm than good for your situation. Infinite scrolling is a web-design technique that loads content c
Katie Sherwin May 11, 2014 · Updated Sep. 10, 2018 2018-09-10 Summary: Placeholder text within a form field makes it difficult for people to remember what information belongs in a field, and to check for and fix errors. It also poses additional burdens for users with visual and cognitive impairments. In-context descriptions or hints can help clarify what goes inside each form field, and therefore
Summary: People usually recognize that a magnifying-glass icon indicates a search tool, even when it has no label. Unfortunately, showing only the icon makes search more difficult to find. In doing research to update our course on Emerging Patterns in Web Design, we looked more closely at what’s happening with search boxes. Many designs are swapping the traditional button labeled “Search” with a m
Learn key human-computer interaction (HCI) research findings, and how to apply them to UX design problems Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) integrates concepts and methods from computer science, design, and psychology to build interfaces that are accessible, easy to use, and efficient. In this course, you will learn about many of the findings from HCI research, which uses controlled experiments to
Summary: Carousels allow multiple pieces of content to occupy a single, coveted space. This may placate corporate infighting, but on large or small viewports, people often scroll past carousels. A static hero or integrating content in the UI may be better solutions. But if a carousel is your hero, good navigation and content can help make it effective. The Ubiquitous Carousel There are various UI
Summary: Flat design and improperly rescaled design are the main threats to tablet usability, followed by poor gestures and workflow. We’ve now conducted 6 rounds of usability studies with tablet users. The good news is that tablet usability is reasonably solid and has improved substantially since the initial batch of wacky iPad apps, which often totally confused users. We’ve tested several genera
Summary: Feline users require special considerations, including larger tap target zones for paws, continual animation, and audible vocalization. YouTube has recently been dominated by cats. Even the simplest video of a cat using an iPad app easily gathers millions of viewers. Bowing to this takeover, our clients are increasingly asking us, "How can we improve our site or app for cats?" With their
Summary: Teens are (over)confident in their web abilities, but they perform worse than adults. Lower reading levels, impatience, and undeveloped research skills reduce teens’ task success and require simple, relatable sites. Teens are wired. Technology is so integrated with teenagers’ lives that creating useful and usable websites and apps for them is more critical than ever. To succeed in a world
Summary: Hidden features, reduced discoverability, cognitive overhead from dual environments, and reduced power from a single-window UI and low information density. Too bad. With the recent launch of Windows 8 and the Surface tablets, Microsoft has reversed its user interface strategy. From a traditional Gates-driven GUI style that emphasized powerful commands to the point of featuritis, Microsoft
Summary: The answer is 5, except when it's not. Most arguments for using more test participants are wrong, but some tests should be bigger and some smaller. If you want a single number, the answer is simple: test 5 users in a qualitative usability study. Testing with 5 people lets you find almost as many usability problems as you'd find using many more test participants. This answer has been the s
Summary: Good mobile user experience requires a different design than what's needed to satisfy desktop users. Two designs, two sites, and cross-linking to make it all work. Based on usability testing of hundreds of sites, the main guidelines for mobile-optimized websites are clear: Build a separate mobile-optimized design (or mobile site) if you can afford it. When people access sites using mobile
Summary: Mobile apps currently have better usability than mobile sites, but forthcoming changes will eventually make a mobile site the superior strategy. The most important question in a company's mobile strategy is whether to do anything special for mobile in the first place. Some companies will never get substantial mobile use and should stick to making their desktop sites less insufferable on s
Summary: Mobile web sites work best on the 7-inch tablet. Users had great trouble touching the correct items on full sites, where UI elements are too small on the Fire screen. This article is about the 1st generation Kindle Fire, launched in 2011. Please see newer article for an analysis of the 2nd generation Kindle Fire HD. Amazon.com's new Kindle Fire offers a disappointingly poor user experien
Summary: Most mobile applications are used only intermittently, so they must be especially easy during initial use. In particular, upfront registration shouldn't be required before users experience an app's benefits. In preparation for our Mobile Apps Usability seminar, I've been sitting through numerous test sessions watching iPhone owners use hundreds of applications. Based on these sessions, we
Summary: A study of people reading long-form text on tablets finds higher reading speeds than in the past, but they're still slower than reading print. Many companies are betting big that electronic book readers will be one of the main ways people read long-form text in the future. However, such products will succeed only if the reading experience is much better than the misery of reading from PC
Summary: Slow page rendering today is typically caused by server delays or overly fancy page widgets, not by big images. Users still hate slow sites and don't hesitate telling us. Users really care about speed in interaction design. In 1997, I wrote a column called "The Need for Speed," pointing out how much users hated slow-loading web pages. Back then, big images were the main cause of response-
Learn how iPad users interact with apps and websites on their devices, and whether usability improves with time as people practice and learn new interfaces. The design guidelines are based on 2 rounds of usability studies, conducted one year apart. We observed participants working on their own iPads to accomplish a broad variety of tasks. Articles on research findings: iPad Usability: First Findin
Summary: iPad apps are much improved, but new usability problems have emerged, such as swipe ambiguity and navigation overload. A year after our first usability study of iPad apps, it's nice to see that iPad user interfaces have become decidedly less wacky. It's even better to see good uptake of several of our recommendations from last year, including apps with: back buttons, broader use of search
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