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The difference between Popovers (i.e., the popover attribute) and Dialogs (i.e., both the <dialog> element and the dialog accessible role) is incredibly confusing — so much that many articles (like this, this, and this) have tried to shed some light on the issue. If you’re still feeling confused, I hope this one clears up that confusion once and for all. Distinguishing Popovers From Dialogs Let’s

CSS gradients have been so long that there’s no need to rehash what they are and how to use them. You have surely encountered them at some point in your front-end journey, and if you follow me, you also know that I use them all the time. I use them for CSS patterns, nice CSS decorations, and even CSS loaders. But even so, gradients have a tough syntax that can get very complicated very quickly if

Not long ago, if we wanted a tooltip or popover positioned on top of another element, we would have to set our tooltip’s position to something other than static and use its inset/transform properties to place it exactly where we want. This works, but the element’s position is susceptible to user scrolls, zooming, or animations since the tooltip could overflow off of the screen or wind up in an awk

The text-box-trim and text-box-edge properties in CSS enable developers to trim specifiable amounts of the whitespace that appear above the first formatted line of text and below the last formatted line of text in a text box, making the text box vertically larger than the content within. This whitespace is called leading, and it appears above and below (so it’s two half-leadings, actually) all lin

Most days, I’m writing vanilla CSS. Thanks to CSS variables and nesting, I have fewer reasons to reach for Sass or any other preprocessor. The times I reach for Sass tend to be when I need a @mixin to loop through a list of items or help keep common styles DRY. That could change for me in the not-so-distant future since a new CSS Functions and Mixins Module draft was published in late June after t

A few sirens went off a couple of weeks ago when the CSS Working Group (CSSWG) resolved to add an if() conditional to the CSS Values Module Level 5 specification. It was Lea Verou’s X post that same day that caught my attention: A historical day for CSS 😀🎉 If you write any components used and/or styled by others, you know how huge this is! background: if(style(–variant: success), var(–green)); E

A comprehensive guide covering nine types of lengths that CSS uses to size elements in terms of dimensions, space, time, and even sound. Brought to you by DigitalOcean DigitalOcean has the cloud computing services you need to support your growth at any stage. Get started with a free $200 credit! Overview Many CSS properties accept numbers as values. Sometimes those are whole numbers. Sometimes the

DigitalOcean provides cloud products for every stage of your journey. Get started with $200 in free credit! Hey all you wonderful developers out there! In this post we are going to explore the use of :has() in your next web project. :has() is relatively newish but has gained popularity in the front end community by delivering control over various elements in your UI. Let’s take a look at what the

DigitalOcean provides cloud products for every stage of your journey. Get started with $200 in free credit! I was reading “Creative List Styling” on Google’s web.dev blog and noticed something odd in one of the code examples in the ::marker section of the article. The built-in list markers are bullets, ordinal numbers, and letters. The ::marker pseudo-element allows us to style these markers or re

After Part 1 and Part 2, I am back with a third article to explore more fancy shapes. Like the previous articles, we are going to combine CSS Grid with clipping and masking to create fancy layouts for image galleries. Should I read the previous articles before? It’s not mandatory but highly recommended to cover as many tricks as possible. You can also read them in any order, but following along in

The wave is probably one of the most difficult shapes to make in CSS. We always try to approximate it with properties like border-radius and lots of magic numbers until we get something that feels kinda close. And that’s before we even get into wavy patterns, which are more difficult. “SVG it!” you might say, and you are probably right that it’s a better way to go. But we will see that CSS can mak

You’ve probably heard a lot of hype around one of the newest kids on the framework block, Remix. It may be surprising that it got its start back in 2019, but it was originally only available as a subscription-based premium framework. In 2021, the founders raised seed funding and open sourced the framework to let users start using Remix for free. The floodgates opened and everyone seems to be talki

DigitalOcean provides cloud products for every stage of your journey. Get started with $200 in free credit! In a previous article, I looked at CSS Grid’s ability to create complex layouts using its auto-placement powers. I took that one step further in another article that added a zooming hover effect to images in a grid layout. This time, I want to dive into another type of grid, one that works w

HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, PHP, C++, Dart — there are so many programming languages out there and you may even be totally fluent in several of them! But as we aim to write more and better code, the way we write and communicate in everyday language becomes more and more important… and perhaps even overlooked. The way we write about and around code is arguably as important as the code itself. An

We’re all familiar with the standard way of linking up a stylesheet to the <head> of an HTML doc, right? That’s just one of several ways we’re able to write CSS. But what does it look like to style things in a single-page application (SPA), say in a React project? Turns out there are several ways to go about styling a React application. Some overlap with traditional styling, others not so much. Bu

Dialog Components: Go Native HTML or Roll Your Own? As the author of a library called AgnosticUI, I’m always on the lookout for new components. And recently, I decided to dig in and start work on a new dialog (aka modal) component. That’s something many devs like to have in their toolset and my goal was to make the best one possible, with an extra special focus on making it inclusive and accessibl

In my last article we saw how CSS background properties allow us to create cool hover effects. This time, we will focus on the CSS text-shadow property to explore even more interesting hovers. You are probably wondering how adding shadow to text can possibly give us a cool effect, but here’s the catch: we’re not actually going to make any shadows for these text hover effects. Cool Hover Effects se

According to Toshi Omagari, the author of Arcade Game Typography, the world’s first multi-colored digital font was created in 1982 for a never-released video game called Insector. Multi-colored fonts, sometimes called chromatic type, are still relatively rare on the web, even though the COLR font format has had full cross-browser support since 2018 (even in Internet Explorer!). The technology open

DigitalOcean provides cloud products for every stage of your journey. Get started with $200 in free credit! Hey hey! I’ve got a big announcement to make here. (Where’s my gong? I feel like this really needs a good gong hit.) CSS-Tricks, this very website you’re looking at, has been acquired by DigitalOcean! You can hear from them directly on the DigitalOcean blog as well. This will be the most fun

DigitalOcean provides cloud products for every stage of your journey. Get started with $200 in free credit! I want to introduce you to a new, experimental form control called <selectmenu>. We’ll get deep into it, including how much easier it is to style than a traditional <select> element. But first, let’s fill in some context about why something like <selectmenu> is needed in the first place, as

DigitalOcean provides cloud products for every stage of your journey. Get started with $200 in free credit! Styling ranges of text in software is a very useful thing to be able to do. Thankfully, we have the CSS Custom Highlight API to look forward to because it represents the future of styling text ranges on the web. One example: if you’ve ever used text editing software like Google Docs, Word, o

Web Component Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements are Easier Than You Think We’ve discussed a lot about the internals of using CSS in this ongoing series on web components, but there are a few special pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes that, like good friends, willingly smell your possibly halitotic breath before you go talk to that potential love interest. You know, they help you out when you need

For the past few weeks, I’ve been hiring for a senior full-stack JavaScript engineer at my rental furniture company, Pabio. Since we’re a remote team, we conduct our interviews on Zoom, and I’ve observed that some developers are not great at live-coding or whiteboard interviews, even if they’re good at the job. So, instead, we have an hour-long technical discussion where I ask them questions about

On several occasions, I’ve needed to send off an HTTP request with some data to log when a user does something like navigate to a different page or submit a form. Consider this contrived example of sending some information to an external service when a link is clicked: <a href="/some-other-page" id="link">Go to Page</a> <script> document.getElementById('link').addEventListener('click', (e) => { fe

This is your complete guide to CSS cascade layers, a CSS feature that allows us to define explicit contained layers of specificity, so that we have full control over which styles take priority in a project without relying on specificity hacks or !important. This guide is intended to help you fully understand what cascade layers are for, how and why you might choose to use them, the current levels

Within Drupal 10 core, we’re implementing a new auto-filling CSS Grid technique that I think is cool enough to share with the world. The requirements are: The user specifies a maximum number of columns. This is the auto-filling grid’s “natural” state.If a grid cell goes under a user-specified width, the auto-filling grid will readjust itself and decrease the number of columns.The grid cells should

The File System Access API is a web API that allows read and write access to a user’s local files. It unlocks new capabilities to build powerful web applications, such as text editors or IDEs, image editing tools, improved import/export, all in the frontend. Let’s look into how to get started using this API. Reading files with the File System Access API Before diving into the code required to read

You know how there are JavaScript dialogs for alerting, confirming, and prompting user actions? Say you want to replace JavaScript dialogs with the new HTML dialog element. Let me explain. I recently worked on a project with a lot of API calls and user feedback gathered with JavaScript dialogs. While I was waiting for another developer to code the <Modal /> component, I used alert(), confirm() and