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PAE, Physical Address Extension A guide for getting computers with older Pentium M and Celeron M processors to work with the latest Lubuntu Summary If you encounter an error related to PAE while installing Lubuntu 18.04 LTS, the solution is as follows: Boot the computer with a 32-bit Lubuntu DVD in the DVD drive. When the image of a keyboard and a little man in a circle appears, hit the tab key. A
Downloading Firstly you need to download the minimal Ubuntu ISO; click on the version you want from the table below. 64-bit PC (amd64, x86_64) (Recommended) Ubuntu 18.10 "Cosmic Cuttlefish" Ubuntu 18.04 LTS "Bionic Beaver" 64M (MD5: 8388f7232b400bdc80279668847f90da, SHA1: cce936c1f9d1448c7d8f74b76b66f42eb4f93d4a, SHA256: bed8a55ae2a657f8349fe3271097cff3a5b8c3d1048cf258568f1601976fa30d) Ubuntu 16.0
eCryptfs is a POSIX-compliant enterprise-class stacked cryptographic filesystem for Linux. Layering on top of the filesystem layer eCryptfs protects files no matter the underlying filesystem, partition type, etc. During installation there is an option to encrypt the /home partition. This will automatically configure everything needed to encrypt and mount the partition. As an example, this section
OpenCV (open source computer vision) is released under a BSD license and hence it’s free for both academic and commercial use. It has C++, C, Python and Java interfaces and supports Ubuntu Linux. OpenCV was designed for computational efficiency and with a strong focus on real-time applications. OpenCV is the most popular and advanced code library for Computer Vision related applications today, spa
Unsupported Version This article applies to an unsupported version of Ubuntu. More info... Neither the fglrx driver nor any version of Ubuntu that would use it are supported by their respective purveyors. This entire article is obsolete. Content Cleanup Required This article should be cleaned-up to follow the content standards in the Wiki Guide. More info... 1. BEFORE YOU PROCEED NOTE: For Ubuntu
Network Manager Network Manager aims for Network Connectivity which "Just Works". The computer should use the wired network connection when it's plugged in, but automatically switch to a wireless connection when the user unplugs it and walks away from the desk. Likewise, when the user plugs the computer back in, the computer should switch back to the wired connection. The user should, most times,
Needs Updating This article needs updating to include the latest versions of Ubuntu. More info... Please see https://launchpad.net/bugs/1354968 about reasons why there is a need to update the page. Introduction This tutorial will introduce you to the basics of modifying and creating custom keyboard layouts for use with the system-standard gnome-keyboard-properties application (usually accessed thr
Introduction The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) or its version 2.x variant, Unified EFI (UEFI) is a firmware type that is widespread on recent computers, especially those more recent than 2010. It is intended to replace the traditional BIOS firmware that is prevalent on earlier machines. This page provides information about installing and booting Ubuntu using UEFI, as well as about switching
Unity Launchers are actually files stored in your computer, with a '.desktop' extension. In earlier Ubuntu versions, these files were simply used so as to launch a specific application, but in Unity they are also used so as to create right-click menus for each application, which you can access from the Unity Launcher. This article describes how to create a working .desktop file for general use, bu
(works out-of-the-box) (works, with remarks) (needs manual work) (won't currently work (completely)) (not yet documented) BIOS Update You must download the newest BIOS here: UX21A: http://support.asus.com/download/download_item_mkt.aspx?model=UX21A UX31A: http://support.asus.com/download/download_item_mkt.aspx?model=UX31A UX32VD: http://support.asus.com/download/download_item_mkt.aspx?model=UX32VD
GRUB 2 is the default boot loader for Ubuntu. GRUB 2's method of building the GRUB menu is vastly different from GRUB 0.97. This page describes the new file structure and details how to the user can change the default settings used to create the boot menu. The current version of GRUB is 1.99, which was introduced with Ubuntu 11.04, Natty Narwhal and is the version installed with 12.04, Precise Pan
The Linux kernel includes the Netfilter subsystem, which is used to manipulate or decide the fate of network traffic headed into or through your server. All modern Linux firewall solutions use this system for packet filtering. The kernel's packet filtering system would be of little use to administrators without a userspace interface to manage it. This is the purpose of iptables. When a packet reac
Introduction Smartmontools is a set of applications that can test hard drives and read their hardware SMART statistics. Note: SMART data may not accurately predict future drive failure, however abnormal error rates may be an indication of possible hardware failure or data inconsistency. This how to will help you to configure Smartmontools to do actions such as shut down the computer or send an e-m
Introduction This is a simple tutorial that will teach you to configure your system to automatically install security updates. There are always some security risks involved in running software upgrades without supervision, but there are also benefits. If you believe it's important to stay up to date with the latest security patches, then you should follow this simple tutorial. There are several op
If you want more than just pre-shared keys OpenVPN makes it easy to setup and use a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to use SSL/TLS certificates for authentication and key exchange between the VPN server and clients. OpenVPN can be used in a routed or bridged VPN mode and can be configured to use either UDP or TCP. The port number can be configured as well, but port 1194 is the official one. And it
Containers are a lightweight virtualization technology. They are more akin to an enhanced chroot than to full virtualization like Qemu or VMware, both because they do not emulate hardware and because containers share the same operating system as the host. Therefore containers are better compared to Solaris zones or BSD jails. Linux-vserver and OpenVZ are two pre-existing, independently developed i
The material in this document is available under a free license, see Legal for details For information on contributing see the Ubuntu Documentation Team wiki page. To report a problem, visit the bug page for Ubuntu Documentation
當電腦休眠時,您所有的應用程式與文件都會被儲存,電腦會完全關閉,不會使用任何電力,但當您再啟動電腦後,這些應用程式和文件依然會處於開啟的狀態。 不幸的是,Ubuntu 的休眠有很多運作失敗的案例,當您再次將電腦開機,預期您的文件和應用程式仍舊開啟著,資料卻遺失了。因此, Ubuntu 12.04 預設會停用休眠功能。
Introduction This guide explains how to upgrade an End of Life (EOL) Ubuntu release to a supported system. It is suitable for both Ubuntu Server and any Ubuntu Desktop flavor. This guide assumes that you know your way around on the terminal, as graphical tools are not always used. This said, the steps for executing all the commands are actually copy/pasteable so everyone, from beginner to advanced
Overview Ubuntu Server and Alternate ISO After importing an Ubuntu Server/Alternate ISO, a default/sample preseed is used. This preseed is found at: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.seedWhen using this preseed file to deploy Ubuntu, questions will be asked and the administrator will have to interact with the installation and respond accordingly. However, it is possible to use an alternative pres
Kerberos is an authentication protocol using a combination of secret-key cryptography and trusted third parties to allow secure authentication to network services over untrusted networks. More information about the Kerberos protocol is available from MIT's Kerberos site. Designing an Authentication System is an accessible introduction to the principals of Kerberos' authentication scheme. Intended
Introduction This explains how to share files and folders (directories) between host and guest. (Files are shared over a network, in other words, you access remote files. For virtual machines, the network between host and guest is virtual since they are on the same real machine. But the steps you take are similar to setting up file sharing over real networks.) Required: Virtualbox Guest Additions
Ubuntu (like all UNIX-like systems) organizes files in a hierarchical tree, where relationships are thought of in teams of children and parent. Directories can contain other directories as well as regular files, which are the "leaves" of the tree. Any element of the tree can be referenced by a path name; an absolute path name starts with the character / (identifying the root directory, which conta
Checking your Ubuntu Version There are two ways to check which version of Ubuntu you are running. You can either check from within Unity, or put in a short command line in the Terminal. In Unity Unity is the default desktop environment since Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal). Please note that this method will only show a partial version number. If you need a full version number like 14.04.1 LTS instead
A chroot is a way of isolating applications from the rest of your computer, by putting them in a jail. This is particularly useful if you are testing an application which could potentially alter important system files, or which may be insecure. This document explains the basic concepts surrounding the use of a chroot and provides instructions for getting a basic chroot up and running. Basic Concep
(works out-of-the-box) (works, with remarks) (needs manual work) (won't currently work (completely)) (not yet documented) BIOS The default BIOS works well. If needed, you can download the newest BIOS here: UX21E: http://support.asus.com/download/download_item_mkt.aspx?model=UX21E UX31E: http://support.asus.com/download/download_item_mkt.aspx?model=UX31E You can update the BIOS from the BIOS menu i
Introduction This page is a guide to upgrade supported releases of Ubuntu to other supported releases. For more information please refer to the UpgradeNotes. To upgrade from unsupported releases of Ubuntu, see EOLUpgrades. Before you upgrade Backup Please make sure you have a backup of your important data. For more on disk cloning, please see here. Disable automatic Power Management Ubuntu can be
Introduction This guide is designed to introduce the reader to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) application-level protocol, and particularly the OpenSSL implementation of SSL. After a brief description of exactly what OpenSSL is, and what it is useful for, the guide will further illustrate the practical usage of OpenSSL in a client-server environment, and provide specific examples of applications wh
Byobu is a light, powerful, text-based window manager based on GNU Screen. Using Byobu, you can quickly create and move between different windows over a single SSH connection or TTY terminal, monitor dozens of important statistics about your system, detach and reattach to sessions later while your programs continue to run in the background. Quick Start Guide Enable/Disable Byobu can be configured
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