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Paul Graham’s essay on tablets referenced a fascinating term I hadn’t heard before: “ephemeralization.” Wikipedia describes it as “the ability of technological advancement to do ‘more and more with less and less until eventually you can do everything with nothing’.” An example: video playback technology Fifty years ago, the only option for watching video was an entire movie theater, with a huge pr
Graph databases are a type of datastore which treat the relationship between things as equally important to the things themselves. Examples of datasets that are natural fits for graph databases: Friend links on a social network “People who bought this also bought…” Amazon-style recommendation engines The world wide web In graph database parlance, a thing (a person, a book, a website) is referred t
Logs Are Streams, Not Files logs Fri Apr 01 07:29:49 -0700 2011 Server daemons (such as PostgreSQL or Nginx) and applications (such as a Rails or Django app) sometimes offer a configuration parameter for a path to the program’s logfile. This can lead us to think of logs as files. But a better conceptual model is to treat logs as time-ordered streams: there is no beginning or end, but rather an ong
How To Scale a Development Team organizations Thu Apr 28 09:56:38 -0700 2011 As hackers, we’re familiar with the need to scale web servers, databases, and other software systems. An equally important challenge in a growing business is scaling your development team. Most technology companies hit a wall with dev team scalability somewhere around ten developers. Having navigated this process fairly s
Applying the Unix Process Model to Web Apps procfile foreman unix Mon May 09 09:22:53 -0700 2011 The unix process model is a simple and powerful abstraction for running server-side programs. Applied to web apps, the process model gives us a unique way to think about dividing our workloads and scaling up over time. Process model basics Let’s begin with a simple illustration of the basics of the pro
Pony, The Express Way To Send Email From Ruby pony email ruby opensource Sun Nov 02 14:53:04 -0800 2008 Want to fire off a quick email from your Ruby script? Finding ActionMailer to be overkill, but Net::SMTP to be…um, underkill? Envious of PHP’s mail(), which sends an email with a single function call? Then take a deep breath, relax, and gem install pony. require 'rubygems' require 'pony' Pony.ma
If your app needs to poll a remote API once an hour, or send out an email report every evening, what tool do you reach for? Probably cron. Triggering events at a given wall clock time is what cron is for, but it works better at the system layer (e.g. rotating logs on a server) than at the app layer (e.g. sending out a daily report to your app’s users). I’ve described all the ways cron could be imp
Taps for Easy Database Transfers taps databases opensource Wed Feb 11 16:19:28 -0800 2009 Migrating databases from one server to another is a pain: mysqldump on old server -> gzip -> scp big dump file -> gunzip -> mysql. It takes a long time, and is very manual and (and thus error-prone), and generally has the stink of “lame” hanging about it. Ricardo Chimal, Blake Mizerany and I cooked up our att
Consuming the Twitter Streaming API eventedio eventmachine twitter Fri Mar 19 11:01:54 -0700 2010 If you’ve been using polling to track Twitter search terms (totally random example), you may have wondered if there is a more efficient and reliable method. The Twitter streaming API is a potential solution. Try out the sample stream with curl: $ curl http://stream.twitter.com/1/statuses/sample.json -
Cron is a trusty tool in the unix toolbox for scheduling work to run at periodic intervals. In addition to system tasks, it’s common for app developers to use an app-specific crontab to run application tasks. For example, if your app is a feed reader, you might use a cronjob to fetch new feeds every three hours, and another cronjob to clean out old unread articles every night. Cron Weaknesses Whil
Beanstalk, a Simple and Fast Queueing Backend queueing beanstalk minion stalker Sat Apr 24 14:08:37 -0700 2010 Web apps are increasingly focused on background jobs. In fact, the term “background job” almost seems inaccurate - the heavy lifting done by worker processes is often the meat of the app’s purpose. The web portion of the app, by comparison, does only the relatively lightweight work of put
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