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I have studied numbers of errors caused by using the Copy-Pate method and can assure you that programmers most often tend to make mistakes in the last fragment of a homogeneous code block. I have never seen this phenomenon described in books on programming, so I decided to write about it myself. I called it the "last line effect". Introduction My name is Andrey Karpov and I do an unusual job - I a

int sprintf ( char * str, const char * format, ... ); Composes a string with the same text that would be printed if format was used on printf, but instead of being printed, the content is stored as a C string in the buffer pointed by str. The size of the buffer should be large enough to contain the entire resulting string (see snprintf for a safer version). A terminating null character is automati

template <class RandomAccessIterator> void sort (RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last); template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare> void sort (RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp); Sorts the elements in the range [first,last) into ascending order. The elements are compared using operator< for the first version, and comp for the second. Equi

A container is a holder object that stores a collection of other objects (its elements). They are implemented as class templates, which allows a great flexibility in the types supported as elements. The container manages the storage space for its elements and provides member functions to access them, either directly or through iterators (reference objects with similar properties to pointers). Cont

The header <algorithm> defines a collection of functions especially designed to be used on ranges of elements. A range is any sequence of objects that can be accessed through iterators or pointers, such as an array or an instance of some of the STL containers. Notice though, that algorithms operate through iterators directly on the values, not affecting in any way the structure of any possible con

Header that defines the standard input/output stream objects: Including this header may automatically include other headers, such as <ios>, <streambuf>, <istream>, <ostream> and/or <iosfwd>. Note that the iostream class is mainly declared in header <istream>. Objects Narrow characters (char) cinStandard input stream (object)coutStandard output stream (object)cerrStandard output stream for errors (

Tutorials C++ Language: Learn this versatile and powerful programming language. Includes detailed explanations of pointers, functions, classes and templates, among others... Reference Description of the most important classes, functions and objects of the Standard Language Library, with descriptive fully-functional short programs as examples. Browse the C++ Reference Articles User-contributed arti