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Capture, share, & collaborate on knowledge internally. TLDR: Use GraphQL for client-server communication and gRPC for server-to-server. See the Verdict section for exceptions to this rule. I've read a lot of comparisons of these two protocols and wanted to write one that is comprehensive and impartial. (Well, as impartial as I and my reviewers can make it 😄.) I was inspired by the release of conn

Jessica Hicklin was 16 when she entered a juvenile correctional facility. Earlier this year, after 26 years, she left the justice system a free woman, and set to work in her new role, as CTO of Unlocked Labs. The organization supports coding education programs in three prisons across the state of Missouri, and runs a development shop at one prison, empowering currently incarcerated individuals to

[Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. Please enjoy our favorite work this year and we’ll see you in 2023.] I’ve been writing code for at least 15 years. While I’ve used a lot of technologies and built a lot of stuff over the years, the thing I have done the most is the front end, i.e. HTML, CS

If you were to search the internet for recent articles about Perl, you might well be led to believe that the language hasn't changed in the last twenty years. And, sadly, that's a completely understandable belief as the major version number hasn't changed since 1994. In July 2000, Perl 6 was announced as the next version of Perl. Over the next several years, the scope of the project expanded until

Capture, share, & collaborate on knowledge internally. [Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. Please enjoy our favorite work this year and we’ll see you in 2023.] In the movie Free Solo the rock climber Alex Honnold trains to perform a free solo climb of El Capitan, a mountain in Yosemite. (El

[Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. This is our number one post of 2022! Thanks for reading and we’ll see you in the new year. ] As working programmers, you need to keep learning all the time. You check out tutorials, documentation, Stack Overflow questions, anything you can find that will h

[Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. Please enjoy our favorite work this year and we’ll see you in 2023.] Images are one of the most pervasive parts of the web. This isn’t a huge surprise as we humans are quite visual and the <img> tag has been around for almost 30 years. Images are so promin

[Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. Please enjoy our favorite work this year and we’ll see you in 2023.] In recent years, web application development has undergone a radical transformation due to the rise of Next.js. This framework allows developers to build powerful web apps with JavaScript

Life revolves around our mobile devices and applications. Worldwide, there are currently more than six billion smartphone subscriptions. In addition, between the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store, there are nearly five million mobile applications available for download. Although the mobile application market is increasingly competitive, this is where many startups and developers focus thei

React is the most popular front-end framework in the JavaScript ecosystem. It is famous for its ease of use and its readability, allowing companies and startups to adopt it. But classes can be unwieldy and hard to understand. Hooks allow you to use state, lifecycle methods, and other functionalities of React without using classes. This article will explain what hooks are, what makes them unique, a

The most satisfying problems in software engineering are those that no one has solved before. Cracking a unique problem is something that you can use in job interviews and talk about in conferences. But the reality is that the majority of challenges you face will have already been solved. You can use those solutions to better your own software. Software design patterns are typical solutions for th

In this one-off Level Up session, we're exploring TypeScript, a popular programming language used for web development. Josh Goldberg, a Staff Frontend Developer at Codecademy, walks us through the basics of TypeScript. We discuss its relationship to JavaScript, how TypeScript is used in real production environments (like Codecademy itself!), how to get involved in the TypeScript community, and muc

[Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. This is our number one post of 2021! Thanks for reading and we'll see you in the new year. ] Dwarf Fortress is one of those oddball passion projects that’s broken into Internet consciousness. It’s a free game where you play either an adventurer or a fortre

[Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. Please enjoy our favorite work this year and we’ll see you in 2022.] Famed MIT professor Hal Abelson said: "Programs must be written for people to read and only incidentally for machines to execute." While he may have purposely understated the importance o

As you may have seen in the news this morning, Prosus (AEX:PRX) has announced its intention to acquire Stack Overflow for 1.8 billion dollars. This is tremendously exciting news for our employees, our customers, our community members, and for our shareholders, and I will share a bit more about what it all means in this post. Prosus is one of the world’s leading technology investors with stakes in

[Ed. note: While we take some time to rest up over the holidays and prepare for next year, we are re-publishing our top ten posts for the year. Please enjoy our favorite work this year and we’ll see you in 2022.] They say there’s a kernel of truth behind every joke. In the case of our recent April Fools gag, it might be more like an entire cob, perhaps a bushel of truth. We wanted to embrace a cla

In this series, we look at the most loved languages according to the Stack Overflow developer survey, the spread and use cases for each of them and collect some essential links on how to get into them. First up: Rust. IntroDespite its relatively tiny userbase—roughly 5% of programmers use it—Rust has consistently come in number one as the most loved language in our developer survey for the past fe

Back in May 2019, we had a security incident that was reported on this blog. It’s been quite some time since our last update but, after consultation with law enforcement, we’re now in a position to give more detail about what happened, how it happened, and what we did to address the underlying issues that allowed the incident to occur. Setting the sceneOn May 12th, 2019, at around 00:00 UTC, we we

Developers are a finicky bunch. Like a dog refusing to walk on wet grass, there always seemed to be a bit of resistance to changing up a routine. We love what we grew up with, be it Star Trek jokes, Vim, or Emacs. The origins of this war harken back to Usenet groups in the 1980s, a time when Vi and Emacs were the primary tools used for coding. Emacs, as we well know, is a “maze of twisty little pa

To paraphrase the indie band Cracker, what the world needs now is another programming language like I need a hole in the head. That said, Go has slowly but surely inundated the development world like a creeping vine, covering everything that came before it in a lush—and in many ways superior—cover of programming power. With its growing popularity, there are a number of reasons you should take a cl

At Dfinity, we’re building the Internet Computer, a decentralized cloud computing platform that we conceive as a seamless software universe in which developers can deploy applications and services directly on the Internet. To realize this vision, we decided on WebAssembly as the lingua franca of the platform’s execution environment, so that developers can program it in any language that compiles t

Contributing to open source can be intimidating and confusing depending on the project you’re working on. To add to that, most large open source projects have a steep learning curve. However, as evidenced by how widespread open source is, there are a lot of opportunities to break into it and thrive even if you’re new. Open source refers to source code that is made available to the public to view,

In our 2020 Developer Survey results, one of the most tracked statistics is the Most-Loved Language. As it has for several years now, Rust is number one. But coming in at number two is TypeScript, a strongly typed superset of JavaScript, edging out Python by a hair. We wanted to find out what about TypeScript makes it so dang lovable, so we reached out to Ryan Cavanaugh, the principal engineering

The 2020 Developer Survey results are in, and once again, Rust is the number one most loved language among the 65,000 programmers who participated. Rust has taken the number one spot since 2016, showing that it’s got something that the developers who use it love. 86.1% of those survey respondents who said they currently use Rust want to continue using it next year. This is the fifth year in a row

Capture, share, & collaborate on knowledge internally. At the time of this article, Kubernetes is about six years old, and over the last two years, it has risen in popularity to consistently be one of the most loved platforms. This year, it comes in as the number three most loved platform. If you haven’t heard about Kubernetes yet, it’s a platform that allows you to run and orchestrate container w

Depending on how you count it, this is the 10th year Stack Overflow has been conducting its annual developer survey. The software industry has changed substantially over the last decade, but it’s also true that no single technology has been quite as disruptive, at least in the short term, as the public health crisis the entire world is experiencing right now. The results of this survey reflect the

As a software engineer, your primary role is to solve technical problems. Your first impulse may be to immediately jump straight into writing code. But that can be a terrible idea if you haven’t thought through your solution. You can think through difficult technical problems by writing a technical spec. Writing one can be frustrating if you feel like you’re not a good writer. You may even think t

On March 30, 2020, we enabled folks to opt into a beta dark mode on Stack Overflow. Let’s talk about the work that went into it. Dark mode opt-in bannerI’m Aaron Shekey, Stack Overflow’s principal product designer on design systems. I help design all the interface components that get assembled into new features. First, a bit of irony. I don’t actually prefer dark user interfaces. I often find the