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MCP UI: Breaking the text wall with interactive componentsMCP UI extends the Model Context Protocol to enable AI agents to return fully interactive UI components. It solves the critical challenge that commerce experiences require visual and interactive elements like product selectors, image galleries, and cart flows. This open-source protocol allows agents to embed commerce components while mainta

Resilient Import Maps - Better Theme Development and BeyondImport maps are great for both performance and developer experience, but their original limitations made them hard to use, especially at Shopify’s scale. We stepped up and pushed changes across the HTML spec, Chromium and WebKit to fix these issues at the web platform level. Now, developers can interleave JavaScript modules and multiple im

Five years ago, we announced that React Native (RN) is the future of mobile at Shopify. Today, we are excited to share the progress we've made, lessons learned, and what the future holds. To recap, we decided to switch to RN for 3 main reasons: Write it once - Stop building the same features twice, once on iOS and once on Android Talent portability - Enable devs to work fluently across iOS, Androi

This article was originally posted on the Rails at Scale blog. In September, 2020, our team at Shopify released a Ruby gem named Packwerk, a tool to enforce boundaries and modularize Rails applications. Since its release, Packwerk has taken on a life of its own, inspiring blog posts, conference talks, and even an entire gem ecosystem. Its popularity is an indication that Packwerk clearly filled a

Horizontally scaling the Rails backend of Shop app with VitessShop app horizontally scaled a Ruby on Rails app with Vitess. This blog describes Vitess and our detailed approach for introducing Vitess to a Rails app. Good problems We experienced hockey stick growth after we launched the Shop app. We were glued to our dashboards and saw millions of users onboard onto the app. This was gratifying, bu

We’ve recently open sourced a project called Ruvy! Ruvy is a toolchain that takes Ruby code as input and creates a WebAssembly module that will execute that Ruby code. There are other options for creating Wasm modules from Ruby code. The most common one is ruby.wasm. Ruvy is built on top of ruby.wasm to provide some specific benefits. We created Ruvy to take advantage of performance improvements f

10 Tips for Building Resilient Payment SystemsThe top 10 tips and tricks for building resilient payment systems from a Staff Developer working on Shopify’s payment infrastructure. During the past five years I’ve worked on a lot of different parts of Shopify’s payment infrastructure and helped onboard dozens of developers in one way or another. Some people came from different programming languages,

Adventures in Garbage Collection: Improving GC Performance in our Massive MonolithAt the beginning of this year, we ran several experiments aimed at reducing the latency impact of the Ruby garbage collector (GC) in Shopify's monolith. In this article, Jean talks about the changes we made to improve GC performance, and more importantly, how we got to these changes. At the beginning of this year, we

Improving the Developer Experience with the Ruby LSPThe Ruby LSP is a new language server built at Shopify that makes coding in Ruby even better by providing extra Ruby features for any editor that has a client layer for the LSP. In this article, we’ll cover how we built the Ruby LSP, the features included within it, and how you can install it. Ruby has an explicit goal to make developers happy. H

The Case Against Monkey Patching, From a Rails Core Team MemberMonkey patching is considered one of the more powerful features of the Ruby programming language. However, by the end of this post I’m hoping to convince you that they should be used sparingly, if at all, because they are brittle, dangerous, and often unnecessary. I’ll also share tips on how to use them as safely as possible in the rar

Bringing Javascript to WebAssembly for Shopify FunctionsWhile we’re working on getting our Shopify Functions infrastructure ready for the public beta, we thought we’d use this opportunity to shine some light on how we brought JavaScript to WebAssembly, how we made everything fit within our very tight Shopify Function constraints, and what our plans for the future look like. At Winter Editions 2023

How Good Documentation Can Improve ProductivityGood documentation has many benefits, but first and foremost it boosts engineers’ productivity. Here are a few tips to encourage a strong writing culture. When I joined Shopify last year, I knew its engineering culture was top class. What I didn’t know was the company’s documentation culture was even more developed than I previously experienced. Simpl

Ruby 3.2’s YJIT is Production-ReadyYJIT, a just-in-time (JIT) implementation on top of CRuby built at Shopify, is now production-ready and delivering major improvements to performance and speed. Maxime (Senior Staff Engineer and leader of the YJIT project) shares the updates that have been made in this newest version of YJIT, and future plans for further optimization. Shopify and YJIT Back in July

From Ruby to Node: Overhauling Shopify’s CLI for a Better Developer ExperienceIn this blog post, Pedro explains why we rewrote Shopify CLI into Node instead of Ruby, the tradeoffs that came with the decision, the principles we embraced in this new iteration, and the challenges and ideas ahead of us to explore. The Shopify CLI (command line interface) is an essential tool for developers when buildi

Migrating our Largest Mobile App to React NativeIn 2020, we announced that React Native is the future of mobile at Shopify. As part of that journey, we’ve been migrating Shopify Mobile (our largest app at 300 screens per platform) from native to React Native. Here’s how it’s going. In 2020, we announced that React Native is the future of mobile at Shopify and since then we’ve been migrating all ou

In this blog post, I’ll be introducing how Shopify is improving CRuby’s performance in Ruby 3.2 by optimizing the memory layout in the garbage collector through the Variable Width Allocation project. Ruby’s Memory Structure and Limitations Ruby is a garbage collected language. It automatically allocates memory when objects are created and releases the memory when it detects that an object is no lo

Finding Relationships Between Ruby’s Top 100 Packages and Their DependenciesAs packages frequently depend on other packages, could some of these big (more than 180M downloads) packages depend on small (less than 180M downloads) packages? In June of this year, RubyGems, the main repository for Ruby packages (gems), announced that multi-factor authentication (MFA) was going to be gradually rolled ou

Year in Review 2022: Tenderlove's Ruby and Rails Reflections and PredictionsSenior Staff Engineer and Rails core team member Aaron Patterson recaps his favourite Ruby and Rails updates of 2022 and some predictions (okay, so maybe it’s more of a wish list) for 2023. Hi everyone! How are you doing? It's me, Aaron (some people know me on the internet as Tenderlove)! I hope you're doing well. ❤️ Since

Shopify Embraces Rust for Systems ProgrammingShopify is adopting Rust as our systems programming language, and joining the Rust Foundation. Shopify builds internet infrastructure for commerce to serve the needs of millions of merchants. Doing that requires building both flexible business logic and robust, high-performance systems. In addition to our commitment to Ruby for its flexibility and expre

Caching Without Marshal Part 1: Marshal from the Inside OutShopify wanted a cache format that would not blow up when we shipped code changes. Part one of Caching Without Marshal describes Marshal, Ruby’s ultimate sharp knife, able to transform almost any object into a binary blob and back. Caching is critical to how Rails applications work. At every layer, whether it be in page rendering, database

Mixing It Up: Remix Joins Shopify to Push the Web ForwardAt Shopify, the Remix open-source community has a strong sponsor and supporter that will enable the web framework to accelerate its roadmap. We are very excited to announce that the open-source web framework Remix and its team are joining Shopify. Why? The web is always evolving—and we’re entering a new era. First, we had the document web, a

I had this conversation over and over before I really understood it. It goes: “X language can be as fast as a compiled language because it has a JIT compiler!” It gets hand-wavy at the end, doesn’t it? I find that frustrating. These days I work on YJIT, a JIT for Ruby. So I can make this extremely NOT hand-wavy. Let’s talk specifics. I like specifics. Wait, What’s JIT Again? An interpreter reads a

Shopify and Rails have grown up together. Both were in their infancy in 2004, and our CEO (Tobi) was one of the first contributors and a member of Rails Core. Shopify was built on top of Rails, and our engineering culture is rooted in the Rails Doctrine, from developer happiness to the omakase menu, sharp knives, and majestic monoliths. We embody the doctrine pillars. Shopify's success is due, in

How We Built Hydrogen: A React Framework for Building Custom StorefrontsWe’ve been building Hydrogen for more than a year. Here’s a look behind the scenes at how we did it, what we learned from making big bets, and what it was like building a new framework from the ground up on experimental technology. We’ve been building Hydrogen, a React framework for building custom storefronts on Shopify, for

Shopify Invests in Research for Ruby at ScaleShopify is investing on Ruby on Rails at scale by funding high-profile academics to focus their work towards Ruby and the needs of the Ruby community. Shopify is continuing to invest on Ruby on Rails at scale. We’ve taken that further recently by funding high-profile academics to focus their work towards Ruby and the needs of the Ruby community. Over th

Our Experience Porting the YJIT Ruby Compiler to RustIn this post, I want to give a nuanced perspective on our experience porting YJIT from C to Rust. I'll talk about the positives, but also discuss the things that we found challenging or suboptimal in our experience. Last year, my team at Shopify implemented YJIT, a new Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler for CRuby, which was recently upstreamed as part

Hydrogen is a framework that combines React and Vite for creating custom storefronts on Shopify. It maximizes performance for end-users and provides a best-in-class developer experience for you and your team. Since it focuses on evergreen browsers, Hydrogen can leverage modern capabilities, best practices, and the latest tooling in web development to bring the future of ecommerce closer. Creating

React Server Components Best Practices You Can Use with HydrogenA deep dive into the patterns and best practices for React Server Components learned while building Hydrogen, Shopify's React-based framework for building custom storefronts. When my team and I started experimenting with React Server Components (RSC) while building Hydrogen, our React-based framework for building custom storefronts, I